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Noble pups! Meet the royal dogs of the British monarchy

<p>These furry friends certainly get the royal treatment! Here's everything to know about the four-legged members of the royal family.</p> <p><strong>Royal dogs</strong></p> <p>For many of us, our dogs play a major – if not the most important – role in our families. Royal dogs are no different, minus all the public engagements they get to attend – like charity events and council meetings. For generations, royal dogs have played an iconic role in public and private life for many members across the royal family tree. Whether it be King Charles II who was rumoured to not go anywhere without a minimum of three spaniels or Queen Victoria who owned a whopping 88 smooth-haired Collies in her lifetime, royals certainly have a history of loving their dogs.</p> <p>Today, the British royal family is known for having a plethora of furry four-legged friend – Queen Elizabeth’s corgis and King Charles III’s dogs are a few of our famous favourites. Here are a few of today’s royal dogs that are beloved by many.</p> <p><strong>Muick and Sandy</strong></p> <p><strong><img src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/2022/11/02-prince-andrew-corgi-GettyImages-1243368841-scaled-e1666119038497-770.jpg" alt="" width="1536" height="998" /></strong></p> <p><strong>Royal owners: </strong>originally Queen Elizabeth II, now Prince Andrew and Sarah, Duchess of York</p> <p>Queen Elizabeth was known for her devotion to her country, service and, of course, her love of corgis. The Queen received her first corgi from her father on her 18th birthday, and while the exact number of corgis during her 70-year-rule is only known by a select few, experts estimate England’s longest monarch had over 30 in her lifetime. Muick and Sandy also played a special role for the Queen. Prince Andrew gifted the two adorable corgis to Queen Elizabeth to provide her with comfort while Prince Philip was in the hospital in early 2021. Now, due to the Queen’s passing, her pups will fondly be taken care of by Prince Andrew and his ex-wife, Duchess of York, Sarah Ferguson.</p> <p><strong>Bluebell and Beth</strong></p> <p><strong><img src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/2022/11/03-charles-dog-GettyImages-843781242-king-charles-and-dogs-770.jpg" alt="" width="770" height="500" /></strong></p> <p><strong>Royal owners: </strong>King Charles III and Queen Consort Camilla</p> <p>Meet the new pups of Buckingham Palace!  Like his mother, King Charles III has a favourite dog breed and has owned many Jack Russell Terriers. Queen Consort Camilla adopted Beth and Bluebell in 2017 from a rescue centre, and these pups even made history as the first rescue pets to ever live in Buckingham Palace! We can’t wait to see how these two will make history next.</p> <p><strong>Orla</strong></p> <p><strong><img src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/2022/11/05-William-Kate-pet-dog-GettyImages-1407226469-770-1.jpg" alt="" /></strong></p> <p><strong>Royal owners: </strong>Prince William and Princess Kate</p> <p>The Prince and Princess of Wales are the proud owners of a black cocker spaniel named Orla, who the couple’s children – Prince George, Princess Charlotte and Prince Louis – absolutely adore. Black cocker spaniels have a reputation for getting along well with children due to their calm and kind nature. The newest member of the family was actually gifted from Kate’s brother, James, whose dog gave birth to six puppies. Orla also has a sentimental role in the family, as she was bought to help bring joy and energy to the couple’s elderly dog, Lupo, in his old age before his passing in November of 2020.</p> <p><strong>Guy, Mamma Mia and Pula</strong></p> <p><strong><img src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/2022/11/05-beagle-GettyImages-566943335-770.jpg" alt="" width="770" height="500" /></strong></p> <p><strong>Royal owners: </strong>Prince Harry and Meghan Markle</p> <p>King Charles III and Queen Consort Camilla aren’t the only members of the royal family with a love for rescue dogs. Prince Harry and Meghan Markle’s latest pup, a 7-year-old beagle named Mamma Mia is the couple’s second beagle in addition to Guy, as well as their black Labrador Pula. Prince Harry recently discussed how the couple’s dogs are all emotional support dogs “when they’re behaving,” he joked.</p> <p><strong>Dotty</strong></p> <p><img src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/2022/11/06-princess-Anne-pet-GettyImages-1033476776-e1666118755545.jpg" alt="" width="893" height="893" /></p> <p><strong>Royal owner: </strong>Princess Anne</p> <p>Similar to her brother and mother, Princess Anne is another royal with an affinity for a specific dog breed: bull terriers. During her time as a royal, Princess Anne owned several bull terriers – one of her bull terriers even made history, causing Princess Anne to be the first royal member charged with a criminal offence after her dog, Dotty, attacked two children in Windsor Great Park.</p> <p><strong>Jack, Cici, Teddy and Ginger</strong></p> <p><img src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/2022/11/04-terrier-eugenie-beatrice-GettyImages-844394888-770-scaled-1.jpg" alt="" width="2560" height="1662" /></p> <p><strong>Royal owners: </strong>Princess Beatrice and Princess Eugenie</p> <p>The two daughters of Prince Andrew aren’t shy about their affection for Norfolk Terriers – an adorable, tiny and energetic breed. In fact, Princess Beatrice loves Norfolk terriers so much that she offered to gift two to her grandmother, birthed by her very own Norfolk Terrier named Ginger. Unfortunately, the Queen was worried about tripping over the pups and getting hurt, so she declined. The granddaughters of the Queen seem to get their love of dogs from her. A recent Instagram photo Princess Eugenie posted after the Queen’s passing shows Princess Eugenie and Princess Beatrice sitting with the Queen and petting a dog. The caption fondly wrote: “For now dear Grannie, all we want to say is thank you.”</p> <p><strong>Dog name: Unknown</strong></p> <p><img src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/2022/11/07-Sophie-pet-GettyImages-1238871398-770-scaled-1.jpg" alt="" /></p> <p><strong>Royal owners: </strong>Prince Edward and Sophie</p> <p>The Queen’s youngest child, the Earl of Wessex, and his wife own two pups; a black Labrador and a Cocker Spaniel. The Countess of Wessex is known for her love of dogs – she has been seen walking the dogs on the grounds of Windsor Castle and attended the Guide Dogs National Centre in Britain. Fun fact: dogs aren’t the only pets the Earl’s family owns! In a recent video interview, Prince Edward revealed that the family has “two dogs and we’ve also got a tortoise, who basically runs the house.”</p> <p><em><span id="docs-internal-guid-f9ae96f4-7fff-7bc7-c8f6-fcba86f27a92">Written by Jessica Kaplan. This article first appeared in <a href="https://www.readersdigest.com.au/culture/noble-pups-meet-the-royal-dogs-of-the-british-monarchy" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Reader’s Digest</a>. For more of what you love from the world’s best-loved magazine, <a href="http://readersdigest.innovations.com.au/c/readersdigestemailsubscribe?utm_source=over60&amp;utm_medium=articles&amp;utm_campaign=RDSUB&amp;keycode=WRA87V" target="_blank" rel="noopener">here’s our best subscription offer.</a></span></em></p> <p><em>Images: Getty Images</em></p>

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So long, corgis! Meet the new dogs moving into Buckingham Palace

<p><strong>Canine royalty</strong></p> <p>If there’s one thing the royal family loves, it’s dogs. Everybody knows about Queen Elizabeth’s famous corgis, but the identities of King Charles III’s dogs are more of a mystery. The queen’s beloved Welsh Corgis will go down in history as some of the cutest British royal family pets, but the dogs that the new King Charles and his wife, Queen Consort Camilla, prefer will definitely give them a run for their money once they take up residence at the palace.</p> <p>When we think about dogs fit for royalty, it’s tempting to imagine a noble Great Dane or a racing dog with a pedigree that goes back as far as the royals themselves. But it turns out that Charles’s pups didn’t come from a fancy breeder at all. In the timeline of royal dogs throughout history, these pooches will go down as the first humble rescues to reach the pinnacle of luxury. And there’s one thing we know for sure: We’re about to be obsessed with King Charles III’s dogs.</p> <p><strong>What kind of dogs does King Charles III have?</strong></p> <p>The first dog breed that springs to mind when we think about the British royal family is the cute corgi, the longtime favourite of Queen Elizabeth II. Considering the longest-reigning monarch was on the throne for 70 years before her death on September 8, 2022, corgis are pretty much the only pet the public associates with the royals.</p> <p>But when we think about King Charles III in particular, another breed is top of mind: the Cavalier King Charles spaniel, of course. This British dog was named for King Charles II in the 1600s, according to Linda Simon, a veterinary surgeon and consultant for FiveBarks. It’s not the preferred royal pooch, though.</p> <p>As it turns out, King Charles III’s dogs are Jack Russell terriers. He and Camilla brought home two of them – Bluebell and Beth – from a London rescue centre in 2017.</p> <p>If the new king and queen consort are going to popularise a dog breed, the Jack Russell terrier is a great pick, says Dr Simon. “They are generally healthy, thanks to their sensible body shape and the fact they are not snub-nosed,” she says. And although they can be hyperactive and bark a lot, owners can manage their rambunctious tendencies with enough exercise and training.</p> <p>These feisty little guys are wire-haired dogs, small in stature but long in endurance. Erika Barnes, founder and CEO of Pet Smitten, notes that there’s a long-held theory about the royals’ choice of pets: The family might strategically select smaller dog breeds so that they “don’t come across as too domineering and dictatorial to the British public,” she says.</p> <p>She also points out that Jack Russell terriers have been bred in the United Kingdom for hundreds of years and have long been included in hunting packs on royal hunting trips. Despite their little legs, they have no problem keeping up with royals on horseback. After all, they are <a href="https://www.readersdigest.com.au/food-home-garden/pets/13-of-the-fastest-dog-breeds-in-the-world" target="_blank" rel="noopener">one of the fastest dog breeds</a>. With enough stamina for a royal workday, that long British heritage and a long-standing connection to the royal family, Charles’s choice of canine companion makes sense.</p> <p><strong>Are they the first rescue dogs in Buckingham Palace?</strong></p> <p>The British royal family tree is usually associated with pedigree, not strays. So as Dr Sabrina Kong, a veterinarian with We Love Doodles, explains, the fact that Beth and Bluebell are the first rescue pets in the palace is a big deal. (They’re not, however, the only rescue pets in the family. Meghan Markle and Prince Harry have adopted rescue dogs as well.)</p> <p>Camilla adopted the pups from the Battersea Dogs and Cats Home in London, of which she is the royal patron. In an interview with BBC Radio 5 in 2020, she revealed that the poor pooches were found separately in terrible condition – Bluebell was rescued while wandering the woods, and Beth had been moved around her whole life.</p> <p>“They found [Bluebell] two or three weeks later wandering about in woods, no hair on her, covered in sores, virtually dead,” she said in the interview. “And they nursed her back to life, and her hair grew again. She’s very sweet but a tiny bit neurotic, shall we say.”</p> <p>Fortunately, the two dogs got along well. And considering they’re now King Charles III’s dogs, they’ll certainly never want for anything again.</p> <p>“Adopt, don’t shop” now has the royal seal of approval. And animal lovers are hoping this sparks a trend. The Battersea Dogs and Cats Home has been operating out of Battersea, London, since 1860 and has re-homed thousands of animals. With such high-profile rescue pets now trotting alongside the king, the hope is that many more people will be inspired to adopt their next pet.</p> <p><strong>How many Jack Russell terriers has King Charles owned over the years?</strong></p> <p>As Dr Kong explains, Beth and Bluebell are not the first Jack Russell terriers that Charles has owned. Back in 1994, his beloved Pooh (named after Winnie-the-Pooh) ran away, escaping into the woods of the queen’s Balmoral estate in Scotland. Sadly, it was never found.</p> <p>A few years earlier, Pooh’s companion Tigga (named after Tigger, another resident of the Hundred Acre Wood) became a bit of a celebrity after turning up in the palace’s unofficial Christmas cards in 1990, cuddled up with his human brothers, Prince William and Prince Harry. Charles was so devoted to Tigga that, when the pooch eventually passed at the grand old age of 18, he buried his pet on the grounds of Highgrove House, the longstanding official residence of Charles and Camilla.</p> <p>In fact, Charles’s love of the breed dates back to his childhood, when he had Jack Russell terriers as pets. But like the rest of the British nobility, he loves other breeds as well.</p> <p>The lumbering Labrador has been a favourite of the British upper classes for many years, and Charles found a loyal friend in one decades ago. He owned a yellow Labrador named Harvey in the 1980s, but according to royal expert George Grant, Princess Diana objected to him being “smelly,” and Harvey was re-homed with one of Charles’s advisors.</p> <p><strong>Will the dogs have the run of Buckingham Palace?</strong></p> <p>Although Charles and Camilla will be moving into Buckingham Palace eventually, the heritage building is currently being extensively re-wired, so the royal couple and their canine companions will remain in Clarence House until the renovations are complete. But there is no doubt that these pooches will continue to live in luxury.</p> <p>When Elizabeth was queen, the royal pack of corgis reportedly had a stately room in the palace to call their own, so Beth and Bluebell can go in with high expectations for their royal accommodations.</p> <p>Camilla told the BBC that although the dogs are allowed almost everywhere at home (including on the sofa), they are not allowed to sleep on the bed. We predict that the royal canines will have their very own bedroom, complete with four-poster dog beds and chew toys aplenty. After the life they had prior to being rescued, these pups deserve a bit of pampering.</p> <p>And if you’re worried about the queen’s corgis being evicted, fear not: Dr Kong explains that the queen’s two corgis and one dorgi (the super-cute name for a dachshund-corgi mix) will be under the care of another royal family member, Prince Andrew, from now on. He may be wrapped in scandal, but his household will continue to provide the dogs with a lifestyle to which they have no doubt become accustomed.</p> <p><em><span id="docs-internal-guid-d5ab3fa2-7fff-636d-3d2d-f9416e6b40c7">Written by Chloë Nannestad. This article first appeared in <a href="https://www.readersdigest.com.au/culture/so-long-corgis-meet-the-new-dogs-moving-into-buckingham-palace" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Reader’s Digest</a>. For more of what you love from the world’s best-loved magazine, <a href="http://readersdigest.innovations.com.au/c/readersdigestemailsubscribe?utm_source=over60&amp;utm_medium=articles&amp;utm_campaign=RDSUB&amp;keycode=WRA87V" target="_blank" rel="noopener">here’s our best subscription offer.</a></span></em></p> <p><em>Image: Getty Images</em></p>

Lifestyle

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Your dog can get dementia - here’s how to prevent it

<p dir="ltr">Just like us, dogs can experience cognitive decline as they age. They can also risk developing a neurodegenerative condition called Canine Cognitive Dysfunction (CCD), a condition similar to Alzhheimer’s Disease.</p> <p dir="ltr">Like Alzheimer’s, symptoms dogs with CCD can experience include a loss of spatial awareness, memory deficiencies, disrupted sleep, and altered social interactions.</p> <p dir="ltr">Both CCD and Alzheimer’s also share symptoms found in the brain itself, including <a href="https://oversixty.com.au/health/mind/alzheimer-s-marker-found-in-the-brain" target="_blank" rel="noopener">the buildup of fragments of a protein called beta-amyloid</a> in between nerve cells.</p> <p dir="ltr">According to a new study published in the journal <em><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-15837-9" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Scientific Reports</a></em>, the risk of developing CCD increases by 68 percent each year after dogs turn 10.</p> <p dir="ltr">The team studied a whopping 15,019 dogs that took part in a longitudinal study called the Dog Ageing Project. Between 2019 and 2020, the owners of participating pets completed two surveys about the health status and physical activity of their dogs. They also completed the Canine Social and Learned Behaviour survey, which tested for symptoms of CCD such as dogs failing to recognise familiar people.</p> <p dir="ltr">But, they also found that older pooches that were very active had a much smaller risk of developing the condition in comparison to less active dogs of the same breed and health - with the more sedentary dogs having a 6.47 times higher risk of having CCD.</p> <p dir="ltr">They stress that their study doesn’t show that a lack of physical activity causes CCD, and are calling for more research to determine whether CCD is caused by less physical activity or if the inactivity is caused by CCD.</p> <p dir="ltr">Because of the similarities between CCD and Alzheimer’s disease, the team argue that means that researching CCD could have implications for our understanding and treatment of Alzheimer’s, and vice versa.</p> <p dir="ltr">For example, the association between physical activity and lower risks of CCD come after numerous studies showing this relationship in rodents <a href="https://oversixty.com.au/health/mind/the-surprising-reason-exercise-improves-symptoms-of-alzheimer-s" target="_blank" rel="noopener">and in humans</a>.</p> <p dir="ltr">“These observations may reflect a variety of biologic mechanisms, including a reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the brain that otherwise contribute to neural damage and death, and an increase in neural plasticity,” they write of the studies with rodents and people, adding that these mechanisms might also explain the link between physical activity and CCD risk.</p> <p dir="ltr">“Given increasing evidence of the parallels between canine and human cognitive disease, accurate CCD diagnosis in dogs may provide researchers with more suitable animal models in which to study ageing in human populations.”</p> <p><span id="docs-internal-guid-91437cc1-7fff-5a43-0a9a-bca582c47473"></span></p> <p dir="ltr"><em>Image: Getty Images</em></p>

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Dogs cry ‘happy tears’ when reunited with their favourite humans

<p dir="ltr">Along with frenzied tail-wagging and plenty of face licks, new research suggests that dogs can even shed tears when they’re happy to see you.</p> <p dir="ltr">Takefumi Kikusui, a researcher in the school of veterinary medicine at Japan’s Azabu University, first observed the phenomenon six years ago while watching his poodle nurse her puppies, when he noticed there were tears in her eyes.</p> <p dir="ltr">“That gave me the idea that oxytocin might increase tears,” he said.</p> <p dir="ltr">Oxytocin is known as the maternal or “love hormone”, Kikusui explained, with previous research finding that the hormone is released in both dogs and their owners when they interact.</p> <p dir="ltr">To test their teary theory, Kikusui and his colleagues decided to run an experiment where they reunited dogs with their familiar humans, as well as with strangers, and measured the volume of tears in the dogs’ eyes before and after.</p> <p dir="ltr">Publishing their findings in the journal <em><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.07.031" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Current Biology</a></em>, the scientists found that tear volume increased when the pooches returned to their favourite humans, but not with a person they didn’t know.</p> <p dir="ltr">In a second experiment, the team added oxytocin to the dogs’ eyes to see whether there was a connection to the tears. With the tear volume also going up after oxytocin was added, they concluded that it was proof that oxytocin plays a role in tear production when dogs interact with their owners.</p> <p dir="ltr">Surprisingly, when they asked people to rate dog faces with and without tears, people gave more positive responses to photos of teary-eyed pups, suggesting that tear production in dogs also helps them and their owners forge stronger connections.</p> <p dir="ltr">“We had never heard of the discovery that animals shed tears in joyful situations, such as reuniting with their owners, and we were all excited that this would be a world first!” Kikusui said.</p> <p dir="ltr">Having found that dogs produce tears in situations we’d consider ‘happy’, future work will look to see how teary they get in response to negative emotions and whether being teary plays a social role in how dogs interact with each other.</p> <p dir="ltr">“Dogs have become a partner of humans, and we can form bonds,” Kikusui said. </p> <p dir="ltr">“In this process, it is possible that the dogs that show teary eyes during interaction with the owner would be cared for by the owner more.”</p> <p><span id="docs-internal-guid-2be14e3c-7fff-ae30-980c-cb1393604fd2"></span></p> <p dir="ltr"><em>Image: Getty Images</em></p>

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​Nurse collapses and dies mysteriously while walking the dog

<p><span>The family of a “brilliant and caring” nurse is mourning her death after she tragically collapsed and died while taking her dog out for a stroll.</span><br /><br /><span>Jane Baxter, 43, a single mum from Alder Hey Children's Hospital in Liverpool, passed away while she took her family pet out for a walk on June 2.</span><br /><br /><span>Her two devastated children Isabelle, 14 and Harry, 11 are both struggling to come to terms with the loss of their wonderful mum.</span><br /><br /><span>Jane’s sister, Sue Baxter, 53, said that she had received a call early in the morning to say her sister had been rushed to hospital after collapsing.</span><br /><br /><span>“She went out for a walk and didn’t come home,” she devastatingly recounted.</span><br /><br /><span>“I got a call to say she had collapsed on the road and an ambulance had been called.”</span><br /><br /><span>Emergency services arrived in Litherland where Jane collapsed near her home and took her to Fazakerley Hospital, where she died later after never regaining consciousness.</span><br /><br /><span>Jane's death is not being treated as coronavirus related but the cause is yet to be found.</span><br /><br /><span>Results could take six months before any answers or comfort can be given to Jane’s heartbroken family.</span><br /><br /><span>To help with funeral costs and to aid Jane’s two children for their future, the family have put together a GoFundMe.</span><br /><br /><span>“Jane was a vibrant, compassionate and caring person to all who knew her,” the page read.</span><br /><br /><span>"Jane's passing was so sudden, Harry and Issy never got the chance to hug or say goodbye to their beautiful mum.</span><br /><br /><span>"As a single mum, Jane always made sure her children never went without and worked hard to give them the best life possible.</span><br /><br /><span>"Living with her lovely mum Jean, they all shared plenty of love and laughter.</span><br /><br /><span>"As friends who experienced Jane's warmth &amp; kindness, we would like to raise as much as possible to help Harry and Issy through these terrible and distressing times.</span><br /><br /><span>"It may just be a day out, a pair of shoe mum would have bought, Xmas and birthday gifts etc that a mother may buy her children.</span><br /><br /><span>"All funds raised will help these children through times such as school proms and events in life where mum would have been their side by side with her two favourite sidekicks."</span><br /><br /><span>The family told the Echo that Jane qualified as a nurse in 2003 and worked on the High Dependency Unit (HDU) in Alder Hey.</span><br /><br /><span>They described her as a “brilliant, caring” nurse who lived for her children.</span></p>

Health

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How far away can dogs smell and hear?

<p>Great question Georgina. We know and learn about the world around us through our senses. The senses of smell and hearing in dogs mean they experience a different world to us.</p> <p>Dogs have many more <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2018.00056/full">smell receptors than humans</a> – a <a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/olfactory-receptor">receptor</a> is a part of the nose that recognises each unique smell particle.</p> <p>Dogs also have a lot more surface area in their noses and are better at moving air through their noses than us. Watch a dog sniffing and you can see this for yourself. If more air passes through their nose they have more chance to pick up smells.</p> <p>How far dogs can smell depends on many things, such as the wind and the type of scent. Under perfect conditions, they have been <a href="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/17368247-the-perfect-dog">reported</a> to smell objects or people as far as 20km away.</p> <p>You might be interested to know dogs are not the only great smellers. The scientific family dogs belong to is Carnivora. This includes cats, bears and skunks.</p> <p>These animals have incredible senses of smell as well. Bears have some of the best senses of smell in the family. Polar bears can smell seals, which they hunt, from <a href="https://www.livescience.com/43673-weird-facts-about-polar-bears.html">more than 30km away</a>.</p> <p>How would it feel if you knew just by smell when your best friend was in the next room, even if you couldn’t see them? Wouldn’t you love to know where your parents had hidden your favourite chocolate biscuits in the pantry, just by sniffing them out?</p> <p><strong>Dog the detector</strong></p> <p>This amazing sense of smell means dogs have some of the most interesting jobs of any animal: the detection dog.</p> <p>Detection dogs help <a href="https://www.sarda.net.au/">search and rescue</a> organisations to find missing people, look for dangerous materials such as <a href="https://www.police.wa.gov.au/About-Us/Our-Agency/Specialist-Units/Mounted-and-Canine-Operations/Police-Dog-Squad">drugs and bombs</a>, <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-06-10/afp-sniffer-dogs-training-explained/8606228">illegal imports</a> at airports, and help <a href="https://www.lfwseq.org.au/sniffing-solutions-detection-dogs-conservation/">find wild animals</a>.</p> <p>All of it’s done with their noses, which makes dogs some of the best sniffers in the world.</p> <p>One thing that might still puzzle you is why, when dogs have such a great sense of smell, they like to smell things that are disgusting to us, like other dogs’ bottoms. That’s a story for another day.</p> <p><strong>Hear and far</strong></p> <p>Now we know dogs can smell lots of things from far away, what about their hearing? What can dogs hear, and from how far? To find out, first we have to talk about what dogs and all animals (including us) hear: sound frequencies.</p> <p>Sounds have waves. The frequency of sound is how close together the sound waves are. The closer together the waves, the higher the frequency or pitch. You can think of this like the beach during a storm, when waves hit the beach more often.</p> <p>Dogs and people hear about the same at low frequencies of sound (around 20Hz). This changes at high frequencies of sound, where dogs hear up to 70-100kHz, much better than people at only 20kHz. Dogs hear sound frequencies at least three times as high compared to people.</p> <p>You may have wondered how those special silent dog whistles work? They make high-frequency sounds that dogs can hear but we can’t. Because dogs can hear higher frequencies than us, there are a lot more sounds for dogs to hear.</p> <p>They can also hear sounds that are softer or farther away, as far as a kilometre. That means dogs can be more sensitive to loud sounds. This is why <a href="https://positively.com/dog-behavior/behavior-problems/fears-and-phobias/noise-phobias/">some dogs are scared of fireworks or thunderstorms</a>. It is also why a dog might bark at a sound you cannot hear.</p> <p><strong>Prick up your ears</strong></p> <p>Part of how dogs hear so well has to do with their ear muscles. Dogs have more than a dozen muscles that allow them to tilt, lift and rotate each ear independently of one another.</p> <p>This helps dogs locate where sounds come from. It is also part of why dogs may <a href="https://www.petmd.com/dog/behavior/why-do-dogs-tilt-their-heads">tilt their heads</a> to some sounds. Police who use dogs say the first sign their dog has located a suspect is when they see their ears move around to focus on a place.</p> <p>Having great hearing also helps dogs with another one of their interesting jobs: the assistance dog. <a href="https://guidedogsaustralia.com/">Assistance dogs</a> work with people who need help in their daily lives, such as those who are blind or deaf.</p> <p>Excellent hearing means dogs can identify people arriving at a home or oncoming traffic at a walkway. With such great hearing, dogs can help people in need navigate the world around them too!</p> <p>Thinking about different senses is a great way to learn about all animals. What are their senses like? How does that help them think about the world differently to us?</p> <p>This was a fantastic question, Georgina, and we hope you enjoyed these answers as much as we enjoyed answering them.</p> <p>Excellent hearing means dogs can identify people arriving at a home or oncoming traffic at a walkway. With such great hearing, dogs can help people in need navigate the world around them too!</p> <p>Thinking about different senses is a great way to learn about all animals. What are their senses like? How does that help them think about the world differently to us?</p> <p><em>Written by Susan Hazel and Eduardo J Fernandez. Republished with permission of <a href="https://theconversation.com/curious-kids-how-far-away-can-dogs-smell-and-hear-139959">The Conversation.</a> </em></p> <p><em> </em></p>

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Dogs may be able to ‘sniff out’ coronavirus, study hopes

<p>Researchers are launching a trial to see whether dogs can sniff out coronavirus in humans before symptoms appear.</p> <p>Dogs at the Medical Detection Dogs charity have already been trained to detect odours of malaria, Parkinson’s disease and certain cancers – and a new study will explore whether the <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-52686660">Labradors and cocker spaniels</a> can spot COVID-19 in people.</p> <p>The first phase of the trial will be led by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in collaboration with the charity and Durham University. It has been supported with £500,000 of UK government funding.</p> <p>Six medical sniffer dogs will be trained through identify the virus on odour samples collected from coronavirus patients in London hospitals. The training could take six to eight weeks, the charity said.</p> <p>“Our previous work has shown that malaria has a distinctive odour, and, with Medical Detection Dogs, we successfully trained dogs to accurately detect malaria,” said Professor James Logan, the project’s lead researcher and head of the department of disease control at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.</p> <p>“This, combined with the knowledge that respiratory disease can change body odour, makes us <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/may/16/uk-researchers-hope-dogs-can-be-trained-to-detect-coronavirus">hopeful that the dogs can also detect COVID-19</a>. If successful, this approach could revolutionise how we detect the virus, with the potential to screen high numbers of people.”</p>

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7 awesome dog breeds you’ve never heard of – until now

<p>Warning: You’re about to fall in love with these seven dogs, but don’t get too attached just yet – you might not be able to find one of your own to take home! While some have been around for thousands of years, others have come onto the scene a lot more recently. Either way, you might be surprised you never heard of them until now.</p> <p><strong>1. Schipperke</strong></p> <p>Small and energetic, the Schipperke (pronounced Skipper-key) is native to Belgium. Adored for its inquisitive personality and beautiful coat, “the little black devil” was a vermin hunter. Today, they’re regarded as happy, loyal companions. Their sassy demeanour and enthusiasm for mischief requires a dedicated owner who will supervise its adventures. Schipperkes are talented escape artists – a well-fenced yard, and on-leash walks are a must.</p> <p><a href="https://www.readersdigest.com.au/pets/6-ways-make-your-dog-smarter">Here are 6 ways to make your dog smarter. </a></p> <p><strong>2. Coton de Tulear</strong></p> <p>Known as the Royal Dog of Madagascar, the Coton de Tulear (pronounced Cu-toe de Too-lay-are) dates back several centuries. Sharing ancestors with the Maltese and Bichon Frise, this happy-go-lucky pup historically served as a royal pet. Sociable and smart, the Coton often behaves like a little furry clown. Their bouncy antics and tireless energy are endearing, but owners must be careful not to fall completely under their Coton’s spell – this fun-loving breed will take advantage of a lenient master.</p> <p><strong>3. Icelandic Sheepdog</strong></p> <p>Iceland’s native dog is not only unique, but rare. Rescued from the brink of extinction in the 1950s, the Icelandic Sheepdog is slowly increasing in numbers. A natural herder, the breed is alert, intelligent and enthusiastic. Friendly with other animals and gentle with children, the Icelandic forms strong bonds with its master. Occasionally, this attachment can cause separation anxiety and excess barking. With a gentle touch, a skilled owner can teach their Icelandic Sheepdog to be calm in their absence.</p> <p><a href="https://www.readersdigest.com.au/pets/can-you-guess-dog-breed-based-its-puppy-picture">Can you guess these dog breeds based on their puppy pictures?</a></p> <p><strong>4. Berger Picard</strong></p> <p>With its tousled appearance, the Berger Picard – star of the movie Because of Winn-Dixie – is often mistaken for a mutt. Don’t let this dog’s low-maintenance look fool you. This canine boasts a proud French pedigree. Traditionally a sheepdog, the Berger Picard (pronounced Bare zhay Peecar) almost disappeared after World War II. Fortunately, breed fanciers are re-establishing its presence not only in France, but worldwide. Quiet, loyal and athletic, the Berger craves attention and often displays comical behaviour.</p> <p><strong>5. Boykin Spaniel</strong></p> <p>With its gold eyes, and soft, chocolate-coloured coat, the Boykin Spaniel could easily be discounted as just a pretty household pet – but this breed is no lap dog. Hard-working and spirited, this spaniel is a seasoned hunting companion. Bred for tracking wild turkeys, the Boykin first appeared in the south-eastern United States during the early 20th century, has a friendly personality, and adores children.</p> <p><strong>6. Leonberger</strong></p> <p>Originating in Germany in the mid-1800s, the Leonberger was a favourite of European royals. Strong and imposing, this household guardian closely resembled a lion. Today, its affectionate manner makes him an excellent therapy dog, or children’s companion. But don’t be misled by his cuddly disposition – prospective owners must train this pet properly. With many Leonbergers weighing over 55kg, they naturally believe that they’re the boss.</p> <p><a href="https://www.readersdigest.com.au/pets/worlds-largest-dog-breeds">Check out the world’s largest dog breeds.</a></p> <p><strong>7. Cane Corso</strong></p> <p>Dating back to 600 AD Italy, the Cane Corso (pronounced Connie Corso) descends from Roman war dogs. Its large, athletic build and strong work ethic made this canine ideal for herding, hunting, and guarding. Almost extinct in the 1980s, the breed is now making a welcome comeback. Suspicious of strangers yet devoted to its master, the Cane Corso requires an experienced dog owner who can handle its protective instincts.</p> <p><a href="https://www.readersdigest.com.au/food-home-garden/pets/12-secrets-your-dogs-tail-is-trying-to-tell-you">Here are the secrets your dog’s tail is trying to tell you.</a></p> <p><em>Written by Jackie Middleton and Lisa Marie Conklin. This article first appeared in </em><span><a href="https://www.readersdigest.com.au/food-home-garden/pets/30-awesome-dog-breeds-youve-never-heard-of-until-now"><em>Reader’s Digest</em></a><em>. </em></span></p> <p><img style="width: 100px !important; height: 100px !important;" src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/7820640/1.png" alt="" data-udi="umb://media/f30947086c8e47b89cb076eb5bb9b3e2" /></p>

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How to work out how old your dog REALLY is

<p>If your dog has been alive and kicking its paws about for a decade, the widely held belief is that it has aged as much as a human would have done by the grand old age of 70. This conversion factor – each year of a dog’s life accounting for seven human years – comes from dividing human life expectancy of around 77 by the canine life expectancy of around 11.</p> <p>The underlying assumption is that each calendar year a dog lives though is equivalent to seven human years at any stage of a dog’s life. But <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/829192v1?ct=">new research</a> suggests that things aren’t so simple. And if we look at some basic developmental milestones, it’s clear why.</p> <p>For example, most dog breeds <a href="https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/sexual-maturity-in-puppies-what-to-expect/">reach sexual maturity</a> between the ages of six and 12 months – the upper end of that range corresponding, by the traditional conversion, to a human age of seven. And at the other end of the spectrum, although unusual, some dogs have been known to live for over 20 years. Under the “factor-of-seven” conversion rule, this would equate to an unfathomable 140 human-equivalent years.</p> <p>To make matters more complicated, dogs’ life expectancy depends significantly on the breed. Smaller dogs <a href="https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/why-do-small-dogs-live-longer/">tend to live significantly longer</a>, suggesting that they age more slowly than bigger dogs.</p> <p>All of this raises the question of what exactly we mean by age. The most obvious way to describe it is simply the length of time that has passed since birth. This is known as the chronological definition of age.</p> <p>However, there are other descriptions. “Biological age”, for example, is a more subjective definition, which relies on assessing physiological indicators to identify an indivdual’s development. These include measures like the “<a href="https://bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2318-8-24">frailty index</a>” – surveys which take into account an individual’s disease status, cognitive impairments and levels of activity.</p> <p>Then there are the more objective <a href="https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/56/4/B180/619965">ageing biomarkers</a>, such as <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4639797/">levels of gene expression</a> (genes produce proteins at differing rates at different stages of life) or <a href="https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/56/4/B180/619965">numbers of immune cells</a>. The rate at which biological age increases depends on <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/578245v1.full">genetically inherited factors, mental health and lifestyle</a>.</p> <p>For example, if you’ve spent a lot of time eating junk food and smoking cigarettes instead of taking exercise and eating healthily, the chances are your biological age will exceed your chronological age. Or, you might be a 60-year-old with the body of a 40-year-old if you’ve looked after yourself well.</p> <p><strong>A new look at a dog’s life</strong></p> <p>When it comes to comparing animal ages across species, the biological definitions of age are far more useful than their chronological counterparts. Knowing a hamster is six weeks old doesn’t give you a good picture of that animal’s life stage even if you know the life expectancy of a hamster is only three years. Learning that a hamster has reached an age at which it can reproduce gives a much better picture of its level of maturity.</p> <p>The authors of the <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/829192v1?ct=">new ageing study</a> suggest that a sensible way to measure biological age is though so-called “epigenetic clocks” – changes to the packaging of our DNA that accumulate over time in all mammals.<span class="attribution"><a href="https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/old-lazy-mixed-breed-dog-prepares-8021299?src=c8957236-c3fe-4b09-a428-f14ae9f9c00a-1-48" class="source"></a></span></p> <p>In particular, “methylation” – the addition of methyl groups (a carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms) to DNA – seems to be a good indicator of age. Many prominent physiological markers, such as the development of teeth, seem to occur at the same levels of methylation across different species. So by matching the levels of methylation in Labrador retrievers and humans, the researchers derived a formula to map dog age to its human equivalent.</p> <p>That formula is: human equivalent age = 16 x ln(dog’s chronological age) + 31.</p> <p>Here “ln” represents a <a href="https://www.rapidtables.com/calc/math/Ln_Calc.html">mathematical function</a> known as the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/logarithm#ref795970">natural logarithm</a>. The logarithm function is well-known in the non-linear scales for energy released during earthquakes (Richter) or for measuring sound (decibels). It comes in useful for measuring quantities whose sizes vary over many orders of magnitude. It’s even possible, as I explore in my new book <a href="https://amzn.to/2MkmdcM">The Maths of Life and Death</a>, that a logarithmic experience of the passing of time might explain why we perceive <a href="https://theconversation.com/why-time-seems-to-go-by-more-quickly-as-we-get-older-63354">time speeding up as we get older</a>.</p> <p>In the graph below, you can see how the natural logarithm works to convert the years a dog has lived (dog age) into the equivalent human age in the red dashed curve. The curve suggests that dogs mature extremely rapidly at first, but that their ageing then slows down, meaning that most of their lives are experienced as a form of protracted middle age.</p> <p>A handy short cut is to remember that the first dog year counts for 31 human years. Then, every time the dog’s chronological age doubles after that, the number of equivalent human years increases by 11. So eight calendar years represents three “doublings” (from one to two, two to four and then four to eight) giving a dog age equivalent of 64 (that’s 31 + 3x11).</p> <p>This useful approximation is plotted as the black curve on the conversion figure below. The green line represents the discredited factor-of-seven rule that suggests unrealistic ages at the higher end of the dog age spectrum.</p> <p><a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/304278/original/file-20191128-178114-11gk665.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/304278/original/file-20191128-178114-11gk665.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt="" /></a> <span class="caption">The different ways of converting a dog’s age to the equivalent progression through a human life.</span> <span class="attribution"><span class="source">Kit Yates</span></span></p> <p>Most dog lovers will already have suspected that the human-to-dog age relationship is non-linear, having noticed that, initially, their pets mature much more quickly than the linear factor-of-seven rule suggests.</p> <p>A <a href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/pets/news-features/calculate-dogs-age-human-years/">more sophisticated refinement</a> to the factor-of-seven rules has suggested that each of the dog’s first two years correspond to 12 human years while all subsequent years count for four human equivalents. The blue curve in the above figure, which represents this ad hoc rule, shows better agreement with the new logarithmic law.</p> <p>In practice the new molecular insights into human-to-dog age conversion encapsulated by the logarithmic law suggest that dogs move into middle age even more rapidly than most dog-owners would have suspected. It’s worth bearing in mind, when you find that Rex is reluctant to chase the ball like he once did, that he’s probably got more miles on the clock than you’ve been giving him credit for.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/127655/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: http://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><em><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/christian-yates-199844">Christian Yates</a>, Senior Lecturer in Mathematical Biology, <a href="http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-bath-1325">University of Bath</a></em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="http://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/are-dog-years-for-real-an-explanation-of-calculating-canine-age-127655">original article</a>.</em></p>

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5 noises your dog makes and what they really mean

<p>Pet parents, fess up: how often have you wished that your dog could talk? Chances are, pretty often. But the thing is, your dog is talking to you every day, all day long – you just have to figure out what he’s saying. It’s not as simple as decoding a bark or howl, the two sounds we most commonly associate with our furry friends. Dogs actually make a plethora of telling sounds, and each has its own distinct meaning. Here’s what you need to know to better understand your canine companion.</p> <p><strong>1. Barking</strong></p> <p>You might have noticed that a dog’s bark varies greatly. That’s because barking is a dog’s way of communicating a variety of messages and emotions, including excitement, happiness, fear or even an alert to danger. “With such varying meanings behind a dog’s bark, it’s no surprise that the pitch and forcefulness of the noise – just like with a human’s voice – can imply the reason behind their vocalisation,” says veterinarian Danielle Bernal. “For instance, a fear-driven or panicked bark is often higher in repetition and intensity. This is compared to a monotonous bark that may communicate boredom.”</p> <p><strong>2. Incessant barking</strong></p> <p>There’s a difference between brief barking and non-stop barking. “When the barking does not stop, it is often caused by anxiety in your furry friend,” says veterinarian Evelyn Kass-Williamson. “Dogs may bark like this because they’re experiencing separation anxiety, or because they’re getting mixed messages from different family members and aren’t sure what to do. Be sure you are consistent when around these dogs, and above all, try to relax so they can, too.”</p> <p><strong>3. Whining</strong></p> <p>Like barking, whining can also have a number of different meanings. Though we often associate whining with a negative emotion, that’s not always the case with dogs. In fact, it can simply be a dog’s way of getting human attention, according to the American Kennel Club (AKC). What is your pup trying to say? Possibly that he wants to play, eat or go outside. Whining may also be a sign of stress, fear or pain. It’s important to take all factors into consideration when deciphering your dog’s whining.</p> <p><strong>4. Howling</strong></p> <p>Howling is that classic head-back, guttural call that’s most often associated with wolves. “Howling links back to our dogs’ ancestor, the grey wolf,” explains Dr Bernal. “As pack animals, wolves traditionally used this communication method to call to their pack to signal distress or motivate them to regroup for a hunt.” In terms of your domesticated dog, she says, that howl is often triggered by common noises like a siren, the sound of a child’s toy, or the command of an owner.</p> <p><strong>5. Sighing</strong></p> <p>We often tie feelings of boredom or frustration to sighing, but that’s not the case for canines. According to the AKC, sighing is generally indicative of contentment, especially if it’s combined with half-closed, sleepy eyes. If your dog is wide-eyed and fully alert, however, it could be his way of catching your attention and asking for a little TLC or playtime.</p> <p><a href="https://www.rd.com/advice/pets/noises-your-dog-makes/"><em style="font-weight: inherit;">Source: RD.com</em></a></p> <p><em>Written by Wendy Rose Gould. This article first appeared in </em><a href="https://www.readersdigest.com.au/food-home-garden/pets/10-noises-your-dog-makes-and-what-they-mean"><em>Reader’s Digest</em></a><em>. </em></p>

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6 common "facts" about cats that are actually false

<p>Most cat lovers would do anything to defend their favourite pet, but cats can still be very misunderstood. We gathered some of the most common cat “facts” that are actually false to set the record straight. Also, make sure to read up on these true cat facts that are purr-fectly fascinating.</p> <p><strong>1. Cats are nocturnal</strong></p> <p>Cats are actually not nocturnal. “We probably think so because we are most aware of our cats when they are running over our faces at 3 o’clock in the morning. Cats are actually crepuscular, which means they are most awake at dusk and dawn,” says Jackson Galaxy, renowned cat behaviour and wellness expert, host of Animal Planet’s My Cat From Hell and New York Times best-selling author. “This is because in nature, their natural prey is awake at dusk and dawn.”</p> <p>Over time, you can adjust your cat to your sleeping schedule. You should feed them around the same time every day so that they get into a rhythm.</p> <p><strong>2. Cats like to be alone and aren’t loving like dogs</strong></p> <p>“In comparing their behaviour to that of dogs, we end up calling cats things like ‘aloof,’ ‘overly independent,’ even ‘unloving.’ It’s not fair that because of who they are (and who they aren’t), we judge cats simply because they are not programmed to make us humans happy as their primary objective,” says Galaxy. “When seen through no other lens than their own, we can see that most cats thrive in communities and in relationships with humans and other animals, and absolutely can and do show love – it just looks different than the love that we perceive dogs give to us.”</p> <p><strong>3. Milk is a great treat for cats</strong></p> <p>Just like some humans, cats can be lactose intolerant. Even though cats are often associated with milk, you should never feed your cat milk. “All mammals are born with the ability to digest their mother’s milk because their bodies contain the enzyme lactase which breaks down the lactose protein,” says Dawn LaFontaine, a cat shelter volunteer, cat blogger and founder of Cat in the Box. “Once a kitten is weaned, however, her gut stops producing this enzyme.” Feeding your cat milk can cause an upset stomach, vomiting and diarrhoea.</p> <p><strong>4. A purring cat equals a happy cat</strong></p> <p>If your cat is curled up next to you purring while you scratch their head that is typically a sign that they are very content. However, when a cat purrs it can mean a lot more than just happiness. “Cats purr when they are frightened and when they’re threatened. They purr in pain, when they’re injured, in labour and even when they are near death,” says LaFontaine.</p> <p><strong>5. Declawing is not harmful</strong></p> <p>“Declawing is a completely unnecessary surgery. The idea of saving your furniture by destroying your cat’s body is just unacceptable,” says Galaxy. It can physically hurt your cat’s body and takes away a part of them.</p> <p><strong>6. Dry food is better than wet food</strong></p> <p>When it comes to cats, the opposite is actually true. “Canned food is better than dry because it is higher in protein, lower in calories, and contains needed moisture,” says Bahr.</p> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.rd.com/advice/pets/common-cat-myths/">RD.com</a></em></p> <p><em>Written by Morgan Cutolo. This article first appeared in <a href="https://www.readersdigest.com.au/food-home-garden/pets/14-common-facts-about-cats-that-are-actually-false">Reader’s Digest</a>.</em></p>

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How guide dogs know where their owners want them to go

<p> </p> <p><strong>How do guide dogs know where their owners want to go? – Mia, age 6.</strong></p> <p>Mia, thank you for your question. I know a bit about this topic because I have some experience training and using an assistance dog myself. Also, as part of my job teaching at a university, I’m working with a number of students doing research projects on assistance dogs.</p> <p>The answer to your great question is actually quite simple. Guide dogs, which are assistance dogs for people who are blind or vision impaired, know where to go because they practise.</p> <p>Practice makes perfect – just like how you might learn to walk from home to school, or how adults know how to drive to different places without getting lost.</p> <p>As part of their training a guide dog will practise getting around to some of the most common places the person they will guide needs to go. This may include the shops near their home, or from their home to the bus stop.</p> <p>So, in simple terms, guide dogs only know how to get to and from familiar places they have practised the routes for.</p> <p>What most people don’t realise, though, is the person the dog is guiding still needs to know where they are going too.</p> <p><strong>Identifying obstacles</strong></p> <p>There is a lot of training a guide dog will do before they are taught familiar places. This is because making sure they guide a person safely is much more than knowing where to go.</p> <p>Say you are walking to school and the branch of a tree has fallen across the path you normally walk on.</p> <p>If that branch was small you might just step over it. If it is big you might go around it or even cross to the other side of the road.</p> <p>Since a blind person may not be able to see the branch, it’s up to their guide dog to let them know it is there. How they do this will depend on how big the branch is.</p> <p>If it is small the dog may help safely guide the person around it. If it is large and they can’t get around easily, they will block the person so they know there is something in the way.</p> <p>It is then up to the person to work with their dog to help them safely find a way past the branch.</p> <p>This means a big part of being a guide dog is letting the person they are guiding know when there is an obstacle in their way.</p> <p>To a blind person an obstacle can include things like the step down off the path onto the road, or a step up into a shop. These are things you probably don’t even think of as an obstacle when walking.</p> <p><strong>Working as a team</strong></p> <p>A lot of people may think a guide dog tells a person when they can cross a road. But this is not actually true.</p> <p>The dog will block the person from stepping onto the road to let them then know they have reached the end of the path.</p> <p>It is then up to the person to listen to their surrounds and decide if it is safe to cross the road.</p> <p>It is the person who tells the dog it is safe to cross the road – not the other way around.</p> <p><em>Hello, curious kids! Have you got a question you’d like an expert to answer? Ask an adult to send your question to curiouskids@theconversation.edu.au</em><!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/125567/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: http://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><em><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/carmel-nottle-422695">Carmel Nottle</a>, Lecturer - Human Movement / Clinical Exercise Physiology, <a href="http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-south-australia-1180">University of South Australia</a></em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="http://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/curious-kids-how-do-guide-dogs-know-where-their-owners-want-to-go-125567">original article</a>.</em></p>

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New studies reveal dogs are good for our heart health

<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A new study in the US has proven the link between dogs being good for your heart.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The study examined the link between dog ownership and a lowered risk of dying from cardiovascular disease.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The results showed that dog owners had a 24 per cent lower chance of dying from the disease and it monitored 3.8 million people across the globe.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><a href="https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.119.005554"><span style="font-weight: 400;">study</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> also showed that dogs also helped those who suffered from a heart attack or a stroke as participants who experience one of the two diseases had a 34 per cent chance of </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">not</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"> dying from the disease.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The study considered the reasons as to why this was the case, but for dog owners, it’s straightforward.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Dogs need exercise and in order to keep our furry friends happy, we indulge them by taking them on walks.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Humans getting more exercise is good for heart health, so both parties benefit from this.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A </span><a href="https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.118.005342"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Swedish study</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> looked at 300,000 people and found that there are huge benefits for dog owners who live alone, as it lowered the rates of depression in dog owners.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The study also found that even those who come near a dog experience benefits, as those with hypertension experienced lower blood pressure.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Go out and pat a dog, it’s good for your blood pressure.</span></p>

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Why some animals have different coloured eyes

<p><strong>Some dogs have two different coloured eyes. Do other animals (besides people) and, if so, why? – George, aged ten, Hethersett, UK.</strong></p> <p>Some dogs are born with one brown eye and one blue eye, which can look very strange, since we’re used to seeing dogs with two brown eyes. This is sometimes called “<a href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pjJKkwJbLBQC&amp;pg=PA211&amp;lpg=PA211&amp;dq=heterochromia+wall+eye&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=QERmm7E3NI&amp;sig=ACfU3U3XvEL1ro-jPAjO3iVmnkAFHukTNg&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiZntXElZbjAhU8UBUIHVrwBXUQ6AEwF3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=heterochromia%20wall%20eye&amp;f=false">wall eye</a>”, and it’s caused by certain genes that are passed down from parents to offspring.</p> <p>If you look closely, you’ll also see that dogs with two different coloured eyes have unusually coloured coats, too. Their coats might be dappled or streaked with white. This is because the genes for eye colour and coat colour are <a href="https://www.ias.ac.in/article/fulltext/jgen/052/02/0425-0440">closely connected</a>.</p> <p>The parents themselves may not show any sign of these unusual coat or eye colours. But usually there’s at least one dog on both sides of the family tree that has the unusual colouring. That’s how the mother and father can both pass on the genes that give some of their puppies the unusual colouring.</p> <p>By now, you might be wondering – what are <a href="https://kids.britannica.com/kids/article/gene/603646">genes</a>? Let me explain: every living thing is made up of cells. Each cell contains all the information needed to tell the body what to look like and how to work. Every little bit of information is called a “gene”, and there are lots and lots of genes which decide nearly every aspect of how we are.</p> <p><strong>Passed down from parents</strong></p> <p>For example, there are <a href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/human_genome.htm">around 25,000 genes</a> in human cells, which can decide everything from our height, to our hair colour or how likely we are to get certain diseases. The genes are made up of DNA, and held together on stringy structures called “chromosomes” in the centre of the cell.</p> <p><a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/282211/original/file-20190702-126364-gkw5od.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/282211/original/file-20190702-126364-gkw5od.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt="" /></a> <span class="caption">See inside a cell, where genes are made of DNA.</span> <span class="attribution"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome#/media/File:Eukaryote_DNA-en.svg" class="source">Wikimedia Commons/Magnus Manske.</a>, <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="license">CC BY-SA</a></span></p> <p>Because every mammal comes from two parents, it has two copies of every gene – one from the mother and one from the father. Each copy may be telling the body to do something different. For example, the mother’s gene might be saying “dark hair” while the father’s says “fair hair”.</p> <p>In that case, the mother’s gene will win and their baby will have dark hair, because the dark hair gene is dominant over the fair hair gene. The baby will only have fair hair if both parents pass on the gene for fair hair.</p> <p>The genes for wall eye and streaky coat are similar to the fair haired gene, in this way. An animal will only have those features if that specific gene is passed down from both parents. When the mother and father carry the gene, but don’t have wall eye themselves, then some of their offspring will have it, though not all of them.</p> <p><strong>Wall eye woes</strong></p> <p>Wall eye is also sometimes seen in rabbits, cats, cattle, sheep and horses. Horses that have one blue eye usually have black and white patches on their coat – they are called “piebald” or “pinto” or “paint”. Some of these horses even have two blue eyes (one of mine does!), which makes them look even more unusual.</p> <p>Humans can also have one blue eye and another of a different colour, like brown or green. This often goes with a white streak in the front of their hair.</p> <p>Sometimes, having wall eye can cause problems. For dogs, the eye that is blue often has problems that <a href="https://www.ias.ac.in/article/fulltext/jgen/052/02/0425-0440">can affect its sight</a>. For this reason, breeders don’t let two dogs with wall eye and streaky coat have puppies together. If they do, then the puppies will often be blind and sometimes deaf as well.</p> <p>In horses, wall eye does not seem to cause problems with vision, though having two blue eyes can be <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1002653&amp;type=printable">associated with deafness</a>. Some cats and humans who have it can also have trouble hearing, and humans whose parents both have wall eye may be unable to speak or hear.</p> <p><em><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/jan-hoole-384563">Jan Hoole</a>, Lecturer in Biology, <a href="http://theconversation.com/institutions/keele-university-1012">Keele University</a></em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="http://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/curious-kids-why-do-some-animals-have-two-different-coloured-eyes-119727">original article</a>.</em></p>

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Good news for cat lovers! New study finds cats are just as “emotionally attached” to us as dogs or infants

<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">New research is disputing a common trail of thought: Dogs are more loyal where cats are aloof.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The study from Oregon State University looked for signs of attachment in both cats and kittens when reunited with their owners in a strange place.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">It’s the first time that scientists have shown that cats display the same sort of behaviour that’s witnessed in dogs as well as human babies.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">According to </span><em><a href="https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-7494677/Study-finds-cats-just-emotionally-attached-dogs-infants.html"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The Daily Mail</span></a></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">, most cats (65.8 per cent) and kittens (64.3 per cent) showed a “secure attachment” with humans and were just as interested in their owners as their surroundings.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Human babies, for example, are 'securely attached' to their caregivers in 65 per cent of occasions.  </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Study lead author Dr Kristyn Vitale, of Oregon State University in the United States, said: “Cats that are insecure can be likely to run and hide or seem to act aloof.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“There's long been a biased way of thinking that all cats behave this way.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“But the majority of cats use their owner as a source of security. Your cat is depending on you to feel secure when they are stressed out.”</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The study involved enrolling cats in a six-week “socialisation” training course to see if they could be taught attachment styles, but the proportion of securely and insecurely attached cats did not budge.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Dr Vitale said: “Once an attachment style has been established between the cat and its caregiver, it appears to remain relatively stable over time, even after a training and socialisation intervention.”</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“Attachment is a biologically relevant behaviour. Our study indicates that when cats live in a state of dependency with a human, that attachment behaviour is flexible and the majority of cats use humans as a source of comfort..”</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The findings were published in the </span><em><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.08.036"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Current Biology</span></a></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> journal.</span></p>

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"I created a Frankenstein's monster": Inventor of most popular dog breed haunted by regret

<p>The labradoodle is one of the most popular dogs around the world - it is no wonder how with their cutesy curls and plaintive eyes. </p> <p>However, the man who first invented the breed in the 1980’s admitted he has some feelings of regret for creating the infamous labradoodle. </p> <p>"I realised what I had done within a matter of days,” Wally Conron told<span> </span><a rel="noopener" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2019-09-23/labradoodle-guide-dogs-designer-regret/10717186" target="_blank">abc.net.au.</a></p> <p>As a professional dog breeder, Wally said he mainly worried about breeding healthy, happy pups. </p> <p>However, he believes labradoodle breeders do not share the same concerns. </p> <p>"I realised the reason for these unethical, ruthless people [was] to breed these dogs and sell them for big bucks," Wally says.</p> <p>"I opened a Pandora's box and released a Frankenstein's monster.</p> <p>"When I'm out and I see these labradoodles I can't help myself, I go over them in my mind.</p> <p>"I look at it thinking, does it have hip dysplasia, has it got elbow problems, any other problems I can see?</p> <p>"I find that the biggest majority are either crazy or have a hereditary problem. I do see some damn nice labradoodles but they're few and far between."</p> <p>Mr Conron first crossed a labrador and a poodle in the late eighties after he was asked to breed a non-shedding guide dog. </p> <p>"I bred the labradoodle for a blind lady whose husband was allergic to dog hair," he says.</p> <p>"She wanted to know if we could come up with a dog that she could use as a guide dog and her husband wouldn't be allergic to," he says, speaking to the ABC podcast<span> </span><a rel="noopener" href="https://abclisten.page.link/gro5" target="_blank">Sum Of All Parts.</a></p> <p>He trialled 33 different standard poodles after deciding a “standard” one would “do the job”, he decided they didn’t have the right temperament to be a successful guide dog. </p> <p>After three years of attempts, Wally came up with the idea make a brand new crossbreed or "a dog with the working ability of the Labrador and the coat of the poodle".</p> <p>After breeding three dogs, he shipped one off to the blind woman and her husband who lived with the dog well into his retirement.</p> <p>The other two, he found, were extremely hard to get rid of as “no one wanted a cross breed,”</p> <p>Out of sheer frustration, Mr Conran approached Guide Dogs Victoria’s PR department and asked them to say they’d bred a “special breed.”</p> <p>"I said 'can you get onto the media and tell them that we've bred a special breed? A breed called the labradoodle — it's non-allergenic',”  he said.</p> <p>Quickly Wally found it became a sensation. </p> <p>"I could not visualise the publicity that a crossbred dog would get," Wally says.</p> <p>"Cars would stop and people would get out of the car and say to me, 'excuse me what sort of dog is that?' I'd say 'it's a labradoodle!'"</p> <p>While the gorgeous dogs have captured the attention of many over the last 30 years, the cost of them far outweigh their multi-thousand dollar price tag.</p>

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How to choose the perfect pet for your family

<p>Here are a few steps that you should take before choosing a pet for your family.</p> <p><strong>Talk it over</strong></p> <p>Talk it over with your kids. Find out what your children want from a pet. Stress that animals aren’t toys.</p> <p><strong>Wait</strong></p> <p>Wait a few months to see if the desire was more than just a whim.</p> <p><strong>Set a budget</strong></p> <p>Set a budget. Decide what expenses you can meet.</p> <p><strong>Consider your home</strong></p> <p>Consider your home. A small unit with no access to the outside is usually an unhappy environment for dogs and cats, which, in turn, can be messy and destructive. </p> <p><strong>Consider safety</strong></p> <p>Consider safety. Cats scratch. Dogs bite. Young children can cause injury to fragile creatures.</p> <p><strong>Do extensive homework</strong></p> <p>Do extensive homework. Study animals’ varying needs.</p> <p><strong>Start small</strong></p> <p>Start small. Cats and dogs are demanding of time and money. Lower-maintenance animals can provide a good introduction to caring for a furry friend. Now let’s get into some specifics, beginning with mice…</p> <ul> <li><strong>Mice. </strong>Mice look sweet and are inexpensive, but they require gentle handling and are generally more active at night.</li> <li><strong>Guinea pigs. </strong>Guinea pigs need shelter, hiding places and an exercise area safe from predators. They are lovable and responsive: the more they are handled (gently) from the start, the tamer they become. They are extremely active, will get bored if cooped up and crave company.</li> <li><strong>Rabbits. </strong>Rabbits are cuddly and sociable. They need space and companionship – from humans and other bunnies. They may be kept outdoors with a hutch and an exercise run, or can live indoors and be house trained. Small pets usually have short life spans. Rabbits live 5-10 years; guinea pigs 5-7 years; mice only 2-3 years. For longevity, choose a tortoise – they can live 50-100 years.</li> </ul> <p><em>Written by Reader’s Digest Editors. This article first appeared in <a href="https://www.readersdigest.com.au/gardening-tips/everything-you-need-know-about-choosing-pet-your-kids">Reader’s Digest</a>.</em></p>

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5 everyday habits of great dog owners

<p>These everyday habits of great dog owners are something to aspire to. How many do you do?</p> <p><strong>1. You pick up more than just poop</strong></p> <p>Picking up your dog’s poop is Good Doggie Care 101 but truly great pet owners will be mindful of any mess their animal makes and clean up after them, says<span> </span><a rel="noopener" href="https://drruthpetvet.com/" target="_blank">Ruth MacPete</a>, veterinarian and author of Lisette the Vet. This means not only cleaning up poop piles from the neighbour’s lawn but wiping up pee, drool or other liquids in public places; picking up the pieces when your dog shreds a toy; and making amends if your pup chews someone’s shoe, pees on a rug or otherwise makes a mess.</p> <p><strong>2. You do a daily "snout-to-tail" check</strong></p> <div id="page4" class="slide-show"> <div id="test" class="slide"> <div class="slide-description"> <p>Great pet owners care deeply about their dog’s wellbeing and spend a few minutes each day giving them a once-over, says<span> </span><a rel="noopener" href="https://sitmeanssit.com/dog-training-mu/fairfield-dog-training/tag/neil-cohen/" target="_blank">Neil Cohen</a>, dog behaviour expert, owner and head trainer at Sit Means Sit. “By touching your dog, from snout to tail (and everywhere in between) you not only teach a dog to accept your touch, should they need it in an emergency, but you also familiarise yourself with their body, enabling you to quickly notice anything that wasn’t there yesterday – like a tick, cut, tumour, etc.,” he explains.</p> <div class="at-below-post addthis_tool" data-url="https://www.readersdigest.com.au/food-home-garden/15-everyday-habits-of-great-dog-owners"><strong>3. You are consistent with the rules</strong></div> <div class="at-below-post addthis_tool" data-url="https://www.readersdigest.com.au/food-home-garden/15-everyday-habits-of-great-dog-owners"> <p>Great pet owners know that forbidding their dog to eat off the counter one day and then allowing it the next isn’t being kind, it’s just confusing. Dogs thrive with rules, Cohen says. “Maintain regular boundaries, for example, no counter surfing, no nose on the table, no jumping on people,” he says. “Boundaries establish leadership/authority and make your dog more comfortable in your pack.”</p> <p><strong>4. You encourage your dog's natural instincts in a healthy way</strong></p> <p>All dogs are born needing to bite, chew and chase but all too often those instincts get them in trouble in the human world. Great dog owners understand this and give the dog safe ways to express their nature, Benson says. “Give your dogs food puzzles or other games and toys that allow them to practice natural canine behaviours like chewing and ‘hunting’ for their food,” she says.</p> <p><strong>5. You correct your dog with kindness</strong></p> <p>When your dog acts up, you need to bring them back in line. But great dog owners know the difference between correction and punishment, says<span> </span><a rel="noopener" href="http://www.kristibenson.com/" target="_blank">Kristi Benson</a>, a certified canine therapy trainer and behaviour expert. They use their voice to reassure, comfort and correct their dog – not scare them, she says. “Good owners will not use yelling, swatting, training collars or other physical punishments as they know they are bad for the dog’s welfare,” she explains. “Modern dog training techniques can help you teach your dog to obey without using harsh punishments.”</p> <p><em>Written by Charlotte Hilton Andersen. </em><em>This article first appeared in <a href="https://www.readersdigest.com.au/food-home-garden/15-everyday-habits-of-great-dog-owners">Reader’s Digest</a>. </em></p> </div> </div> </div> </div>

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Keep your home free of animal hair

<p>A common problem with pet owners is the stray hairs their dogs and cats leave around the house on floors, furniture and clothes. As our pets have become important family members, they’ve moved out of the backyard and into the house. This means hair shedding and cleanliness have become more of a concern. Fortunately, there are ways to reduce the impact, explains veterinarian Dr Katrina Warren.</p> <div class="at-below-post addthis_tool" data-url="https://www.readersdigest.com.au/pets/keep-your-home-free-of-animal-hair"><strong>Look at low-shedding breeds</strong></div> <div class="at-below-post addthis_tool" data-url="https://www.readersdigest.com.au/pets/keep-your-home-free-of-animal-hair"> <p>All dogs and cats shed hair – some more than others. Choosing a low-shedding breed can make a huge difference. Remember that low-shedding dog breeds require regular clipping, an additional expense to consider. Choosing a smooth or short-coated breed may also reduce the overall volume of shedding.</p> <p><strong>Groom your pet regularly</strong></p> <p>It may sound obvious, but brushing pets regularly will remove loose fur that will otherwise be shed and dropped around the house. Long-haired pets especially should be groomed regularly to keep their coats trim. There are some great de-shedding tools and brushes available that make grooming more effective by reaching through the topcoat to remove loose undercoat hair.</p> <p><strong>Pay attention to couch fabrics</strong></p> <p>Pet hair attaches more to certain furniture fabrics such as wool, velvet and tweed than ones like Ultrasuede and microfibre. Coverings should be selected for their ease of cleaning. Owners of light-coloured pets often choose cream or white slipcovers because they don’t show the hair. Leather or faux leather can also be a good furniture option as it doesn’t hold hair and wipes clean.</p> <p><strong>What flooring is best?</strong></p> <p>Avoid wall-to-wall carpeting as it can quickly entrap pet hair. Tiles and floorboards are more manageable but choose the right colour flooring – dark floorboards will show up light pet hair more than light floorboards.</p> <p><strong>Remove the hair</strong></p> <p>Vacuum regularly to remove hair from your living space and use a sticky roller to remove fur from clothing. If you allow your pets on the furniture, washable slipcovers or throw-rugs can be used to protect furniture and keep it fresh.</p> <p><strong>Pet management</strong></p> <p>Keeping pets off your furniture is the best way to prevent you, your family and visitors being covered in hair. If you’ve got a new puppy or kitten, it’s a good idea to train them to stay off the furniture from the start. Also, consider restricting pets to areas with hard surface flooring.</p> <p><strong>Dr Katrina's tips for the best low-shedding pets</strong></p> <p>These are great choices if you’re looking for a new four-legged friend.</p> <p><strong>Low-shedding</strong><span> </span><strong>Dog Breeds:</strong><span> </span>Bedlington terriers, bichon frise, Maltese dogs, poodles and schnauzers. These breeds all need regular clipping and grooming.</p> <p><strong>Minimal Grooming Dog Breeds:</strong><span> </span>Chinese crested dogs, chihuahuas, whippets, greyhounds and Italian greyhounds. These breeds all shed hair but their fine coats mean less hair and little grooming.</p> <p><strong>Low-shedding Cat Breeds:</strong><span> </span>Devon rex, Cornish rex, Bengal, Russian blue and Siamese.</p> <p class="p1"><em>Written by Dr Katrina Warren. This article first appeared in <a href="https://www.readersdigest.com.au/pets/keep-your-home-free-of-animal-hair">Reader’s Digest</a>. </em></p> </div>

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How often should you wash your dog?

<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Dog owners either love or hate bath time depending on whether their dog is a fan of water.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The question of how often you’ve been washing your dog has probably come up, especially if they tremble at the sight of water.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Robert Hilton, a Melbourne-based vet, spoke to </span><a href="https://www.abc.net.au/life/how-often-should-you-wash-your-dog/10697236"><span style="font-weight: 400;">ABC Life</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> about how often you should wash your dog. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">"In general, healthy dogs only need to be bathed if they smell. There's no reason particularly to bath a healthy dog, unless they're dirty," Dr Hilton says.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Feral dogs don’t generally bathe, let alone use shampoo, so many wash their pets weekly as to not dirty up their homes.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">"Or some dogs develop a doggy smell and people want to remove that, or they get dusty or dirty," Dr Hilton says.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Some pet owners are even over-washing their dogs.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">"In general, dogs are bathed more often than they need to be," Dr Hilton says.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">However, if your dog has a skin condition, it’s important that you speak to your vet before bathing your dog once a week.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">"The danger is dogs with allergic skin disease commonly have a defect in their skin barrier, which manifests as drying of the skin and that contributes to their misery," he says.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">"And using harsh shampoos — harsh being anything that strips any further lipid [fatty protective] layer off the skin or damages it — potentially makes the itch worse."</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">If you’re concerned about how often you should be brushing your dog, it depends on the season and your dog’s fur.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Brushing your dog is good for prevention of painful tangles as well as the removal of shedding fur.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"> "It also allows the dog to keep clean areas that it might otherwise struggle to, [such as] the tail and the chest," says Paul McGreevy, a professor of animal behaviour and animal welfare science at the University of Sydney's School of Veterinary Science.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Remaining vigilant about brushing is ideal as the weather warms up.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">"It happens as the days start to get longer, basically from the footy grand final [in late September] onwards," he says .</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">"It's a seasonal response to summertime."</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Brushing also has other benefits as teaching your dog to sit still, but this only works if you’re attentive to your dogs’ behaviour.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">"The best owners are so attentive to the dog's behaviour that they can tell they're grooming an area that the dog really loves being groomed, and that's often the front of the chest and the tail — those hard-to-reach places."</span></p>

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