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World in shock as man catches COVID twice

<p>The world is in shock as researchers in Hong Kong say they have "proved" the world's first known documented case of a human catching coronavirus twice despite a successful recovery.</p> <p>The case involved a 33-year-old man who was initially infected in April and recovered with only mild symptoms. Researchers from the Department of Microbiology at the University of Hong Kong said that he has been reinfected within just under five months.</p> <p>The man's second infection was detected after an airport screening after his return to Hong Kong from Spain earlier this month.</p> <p>Researchers described the strains as "clearly different".</p> <p>The scientists hypothesised the asymptomatic symptom might indicate "subsequent infections may be milder".</p> <p>"An apparently young and healthy patient had a second case of COVID-19 infection which was diagnosed 4.5 months after the first episode," University of Hong Kong researchers said in a statement.</p> <p>The findings are equally alarming because it suggests the threat of reinfection to coronavirus exists "even if patients have acquired immunity via natural infection or via vaccination," they said.</p> <p>"Many believe that recovered COVID-19 patients have immunity against reinfection because most developed a serum neutralising antibody response.</p> <p>"However, there is evidence that some patients have waning antibody level after a few months.</p> <p>"Our findings suggest that the SARS-CoV-2 may persist in the global human population as is the case for other common cold-associated human coronaviruses, even if patients have acquired immunity via natural infection," they said.</p> <p>"Since the immunity can be short-lasting after natural infection, vaccination should also be considered for those with one episode of infection," they said.</p> <p>The IT worker was asymptomatic initially but genomic sequencing shows that he has been infected by two virus strains.</p> <p>The second strain was a close match to the one travelling across Europes in July and August.</p> <p>What the findings mean for potential vaccines is yet to be seen, but the World Health Organisation's technical lead on COVID-19 Maria von Kerkhove said that there isn't enough data to understand the implications and urged people to not "jump to any conclusions".</p> <p>"It's very important that we document this and that any countries that do this, if sequencing can be done, that would be very, very, helpful," she said.</p> <p>"But we need to not jump to any conclusions, to say even if this is the first documented case of reinfection, it is possible, of course."</p> <p>More than 24 million people have been infected worldwide with coronavirus.</p>

Travel

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Positive COVID test for "Most beautiful woman in the world"

<p>Iconic Bollywood actress Aishwarya Rai Bachchan and her daughter, Aaradhy, have both tested positive for coronavirus following reports that her husband and father-in-law were hospitalised with the virus.</p> <p>Rai Bachchan, who had once been dubbed “The Most Beautiful Woman in the World” and winner of the 1994 Miss World pageant, married into Bollywood’s most famous family back in 2007 by wedding Abhishek Bachchan.</p> <p>The star announced via his verified Twitter account on Sunday that his wife and their eight-year-old daughter have coronavirus.</p> <p><img style="width: 500px; height: 281.25px;" src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/7836890/bollywood-1.jpg" alt="" data-udi="umb://media/a771ebaba59a4fdbb53aeb3323c7a464" /></p> <p>“Aishwarya and Aaradhya have also tested COVID-19 positive. They will be self quarantining at home,” Abhishek Bachchan tweeted.</p> <p>“The BMC has been updated of their situation and are doing the needful. The rest of the family including my Mother have tested negative. Thank you all for your wishes and prayers.”</p> <p>Abhishek had also shared on social media earlier that he and his father Amitabh Bachchan had been taken to the hospital after receiving a positive test.</p> <p>“My father and I remain in hospital till the doctors decide otherwise,” he wrote on Sunday to his 15 million followers.</p> <blockquote style="background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);" class="instagram-media" data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/p/CCj9gLFhlBV/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" data-instgrm-version="12"> <div style="padding: 16px;"> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;"></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;"></div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;"></div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 19% 0;"></div> <div style="display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;"></div> <div style="padding-top: 8px;"> <div style="color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;">View this post on Instagram</div> </div> <p style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;" rel="noopener" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/CCj9gLFhlBV/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" target="_blank">A post shared by ravisara (@ravisara7)</a> on Jul 12, 2020 at 5:19pm PDT</p> </div> </blockquote> <p>“Everyone please remain cautious and safe. Please follow all rules!”</p> <p>Bachchan and Rai Bachchan are among Bollywood’s most famous couples and have been referred to as the “Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie” of India back when the latter were still a Hollywood couple.</p> <p>However, Rai Bachchan was a mega star long before her marriage.</p> <p>The actress had multiple Bollywood hit movies and was the holder of the title of the number one box office star in the world.</p> <blockquote style="background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);" class="instagram-media" data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/p/CCjWdPIppAx/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" data-instgrm-version="12"> <div style="padding: 16px;"> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;"></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;"></div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;"></div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 19% 0;"></div> <div style="display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;"></div> <div style="padding-top: 8px;"> <div style="color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;">View this post on Instagram</div> </div> <p style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;" rel="noopener" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/CCjWdPIppAx/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" target="_blank">A post shared by Bollywood Tashan (@bollywood_tashan)</a> on Jul 12, 2020 at 11:59am PDT</p> </div> </blockquote> <p>She had also been earning millions of dollars in endorsements for major companies including L’Oréal, Coca-Cola and De Beers diamonds.</p> <p>Time magazine named her one of the most influential people in the world in 2004.</p> <p>In America, she is best known for starring in the 2004 film “Bride And Prejudice” as well as the 2005 film “Mistress Of Spices.”</p>

Travel

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12 things you won’t see in hotels anymore

<p>Travel and tourism were among the sectors hardest hit by the stay-at-home measures put in place in an effort to slow the spread of COVID-19 across the globe. By some estimates, the industry worldwide is projected to lose $1.2 trillion. With some countries and states relaxing guidelines about which businesses can open, hotels are looking forward to welcoming guests once again, though your next stay may look a bit different than the last time you checked in. “We are living in a new age, with COVID-19 front and centre for our guests and our associates,” Arne Sorenson, president and CEO of Marriott International, the parent company of Marriott, Ritz-Carlton, W Hotels, Sheraton, and more, said in a press release.</p> <p><strong>1. Front desk check-ins</strong></p> <p>The more people you come into contact with, the greater the potential for exchanging germs, so you can expect to see fewer points of contact in hotels. That includes the traditional check-ins at a front desk with a living and breathing hotel employee, where you’re handed a map of the property and other promotional materials. In its place, more and more hotels will be promoting mobile check-ins via smartphones. Mobile check-ins are already available at 3200 Marriott hotels around the world, as well as at select IHG and Hyatt properties. You can expect to see that number climb in the near future. If and when you do a check-in at the front desk, there may be a partition between you and the hotel representative, similar to the ones at banks.</p> <p><strong>2. Key cards</strong></p> <p>You won’t just be checking in with your phone – you’ll be able to use it as your key to open your door. These ‘smart keys’ are already in place at some Disney resorts, Marriotts, IHG hotels, and Hyatt properties via their respective apps.</p> <p><strong>3. Sold out hotels</strong></p> <p>Like restaurants in the post-coronavirus age, hotels will be limiting their capacity for quite some time. The Eden Roc at cap Cana in the Dominican Republic, for example, now caps off its guest occupancy rate at 30 per cent.</p> <p><strong>4. Bulk-size shampoo and conditioner</strong></p> <p>Once you get into your room, you may notice it looks a little different, too, like items that would normally be used by a guest who stays in the room after you will now be removed or replaced. For one, those bulk-size shampoos and conditioners that many hotels swapped over to in an effort to be eco-friendly may be phased out. In its place, you may see those mini shampoo bottles, an amenity that was slowly disappearing from hotels, make a resurgence.</p> <p><strong>5. In-room coffee machines and minibars</strong></p> <p>As hotels aim to reduce the number of ‘high-touch points,’ aka items that guests frequently touch, in-room coffee machines and minibars are likely to be removed from rooms, reports The Points Guy. Besides, minibars were already on their way out.</p> <p><strong>6. Complimentary lobby coffee</strong></p> <p>More bad news for those who need to be perked up before they wake up: that early morning complimentary self-serve coffee station in the lobby will likely no longer be commonplace. It creates an opportunity for too much touching of the same items by different people – the lever on the dispenser as you fill your cup and the handle of the carafe as you pour in the milk, to name a few. The same goes for coolers of water or lemonade where you fill your own cups.</p> <p><strong>7. Free happy hours</strong></p> <p>Kimpton Hotels, in particular, are famous for their nightly happy hours, where guests are encouraged to enjoy a free glass of wine or a cocktail and mingle in the lounge. In the age of social distancing, this type of congregating in hotels’ public spaces won’t be encouraged.</p> <p><strong>8. Buffets</strong></p> <p>Buffets with shared utensils guests use to self-serve are questionably clean on the best of days; now with COVID-19, they are verboten. What you may see instead is a masked and gloved server standing behind the buffet waiting to serve you those scrambled eggs and cut-up fruit.</p> <p><strong>9. Crowded pools</strong></p> <p>The good news is, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says there’s no evidence COVID-19 can be spread to others in a pool that is properly maintained. The area around it is another story, which is why hotels may be limiting access to its pools or, as The Palms Turks and Caicos is doing, reducing the number of lounge chairs at its pools and spreading out umbrellas and chairs more on the beach. “I anticipate an increased desire in our pool cabanas, which offer privacy for families or small groups and will keep them guarded from others,” Karen Whitt, vice president of marketing for The Palms, tells <em>Reader’s Digest</em>.</p> <p><strong>10. Paper bills at checkout</strong></p> <p>As hotels aim to reduce interaction between employees and guests, you’ll likely be encouraged to self-checkout online or via the hotel’s app. And that means no more paper bills at checkout for you to review, though copies will be available online and via email.</p> <p><strong>11. Will see: hospital-grade disinfectants</strong></p> <p>While you won’t see the above items, you will see a few new things, including increased cleaning measures. Marriott, for one, reports, ‘In public spaces, the company has added to its already rigorous cleaning protocols, requiring that surfaces are thoroughly treated with hospital-grade disinfectants and that this cleaning is done with increased frequency.’ Those same hospital-grade disinfectants will be used to clean inside guest rooms, as well. Hyatt is working with the Global Biorisk Advisory Council (GBAC) on an accreditation process to ensure its properties are clean and safe.</p> <p><strong>12. Will see: high-tech cleaning measures</strong></p> <p>You can expect to see more germ-zapping robots, like the one at The Westin Houston Medical Center, the first and only hotel in the US that currently has the technology, according to The Points Guy.  The robots zap germs via UV light technology. Marriott is also experimenting with electrostatic spraying technology to rapidly clean guest rooms, lobbies, fitness centres, and more with CDC-recommended disinfectants.</p> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.rd.com/advice/travel/things-you-wont-see-in-hotels-anymore/">RD.com</a></em></p> <p><em>Written by <span>Anne L. Fritz</span>. This article first appeared in <a rel="noopener" href="https://www.readersdigest.com.au/culture/12-things-you-wont-see-in-hotels-anymore" target="_blank">Reader’s Digest</a>. </em></p> <p><img style="width: 100px !important; height: 100px !important;" src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/7820640/1.png" alt="" data-udi="umb://media/f30947086c8e47b89cb076eb5bb9b3e2" /></p>

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Coronavirus survivor hit with $1.1 million hospital bill

<p>A COVID-19 patient who was dubbed “the miracle child” after spending weeks in an induced coma has received a US$1.1 million (SG$1.53 million) bill for his hospital treatment.</p> <p>Michael Flor, 70, spent 62 days in an intensive care unit at Swedish Medical Centre in the city of Issaquah in Washington, United States, where he came so close to death from the coronavirus.</p> <p>But Flor said it was still “heart-stopping” to receive the hospital bill for $1,122,501.04.</p> <p>“I had to look at it a number of times… to see if I was seeing it right,” Flor told <em><a href="https://time.com/5853392/million-dollars-covid-19-treatment-seattle/">TIME</a></em>.</p> <p>The 181-page bill included almost 3,000 itemised charges, <em><a href="https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/inspiring-story-of-seattle-mans-coronavirus-survival-comes-with-a-1-1-million-dollar-hospital-bill/">The Seattle Times</a> </em>reported. Flor was charged $9,736 for every day he spent in an isolation chamber and an additional $2,835 for each day he was put on a mechanical ventilator. A two-day period when his heart, kidneys and lungs were failing cost close to $100,000.</p> <p>Flor said he will likely foot little of his bill because he is insured by Medicare and Medicare Advantage through Kaiser Permanente. According to the <em>Times</em>, he may not have to pay anything due to the special policies applied to hospitals and insurance companies for COVID-19.</p> <p>However, Flor said he still felt guilt while going through the numbers.</p> <p>“I feel guilty about surviving,” he told the <em>Times</em>.</p> <p>“There’s a sense of ‘why me?’ Why did I deserve all this? Looking at the incredible cost of it all definitely adds to that survivor’s guilt.”</p> <p>Flor is now recovering in his West Seattle home.   </p>

Finance

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Coronavirus and asthma: What we know so far

<p>When the new coronavirus arrived in early 2020, people with asthma were identified as being at <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/staying-alert-and-safe-social-distancing/staying-alert-and-safe-social-distancing">higher risk</a> from the disease. Judgements about who was at increased risk had to be made on the best available evidence – which wasn’t much. Data from China was only just emerging and COVID-19 had yet to reach pandemic status.</p> <p>Given that <a href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/asthma/">asthma is a lung disease</a> and <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/15/what-happens-to-your-lungs-with-coronavirus-covid-19">COVID-19 targets the lungs</a>, it made sense that people with asthma would be considered at higher risk, as they are from <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/asthma.htm#:%7E:text=Flu%20infection%20in%20the%20lungs,who%20do%20not%20have%20asthma.">other respiratory illnesses</a>. But as more data emerged, the picture became less clear.</p> <p>Hospital data represents the tip of the iceberg when it comes to COVID-19 infections. Most people who are infected won’t be ill enough to be sent to hospital. Some <a href="https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M20-3012">won’t even know they have the disease</a>. But without sustained and widespread testing, it’s the only data available.</p> <p>Early studies from <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32294485/">China</a> and <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6913e2.htm">the US</a> showed that the proportion of people with asthma coming to hospital with COVID-19 was lower than the proportion of people with asthma in the general population. Yet <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.23.20076042v1.full.pdf">data from the UK</a> suggests people with asthma are neither over nor underrepresented in hospitalised patients with COVID-19.</p> <p>It is still possible that people with asthma are more likely to be admitted to hospital with COVID-19 than people without asthma, but issues with the studies are providing an inaccurate picture. It is also possible that the early findings might be genuine, and due to differences in immune responses or protective effects of certain asthma medications.</p> <p>It is clear that risks from COVID-19 depend on a lot more than whether or not you have asthma, but most of the available data doesn’t go into this very much. People with <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/asthma.html">more severe forms of asthma</a> are considered at higher risk. There is hardly any information on how asthma might affect COVID-19 infection in young people because so few children become seriously ill with COVID-19.</p> <p>Once in hospital, <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.06.20092999v1.full.pdf">preliminary data from the UK</a> shows that asthma is associated with an increased risk of dying with COVID-19.</p> <p>Risks appear higher in people recently prescribed <a href="https://www.asthma.org.uk/advice/inhalers-medicines-treatments/steroids/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIrqCJxMzi6QIVBbTtCh3TdgTNEAAYASAAEgIewPD_BwE">oral corticosteroids</a>, which is one type of medication used for asthma. This does not necessarily mean oral corticosteroids themselves increase COVID-19 risk. People with more severe asthma are more likely to be prescribed these medications than people with less severe asthma and, as noted above, people with more severe asthma are considered at higher risk from COVID-19. In fact, some have speculated that oral corticosteroids might help protect against COVID-19, but the <a href="https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/inhaled-steroids-in-asthma-during-the-covid-19-outbreak/">evidence for this is unclear</a>.</p> <p><strong>What the guidance says</strong></p> <p>As well as the direct risks that COVID-19 infection poses to people with asthma, disruptions and changes brought on by the pandemic may affect asthma outcomes. Diagnosing and routinely monitoring asthma relies on a range of tests administered in face-to-face visits. But, to cut the risks of virus transmission, a lot of these services have been reduced.</p> <p><a href="https://www.asthma.org.uk/advice/triggers/coronavirus-covid-19/what-should-people-with-asthma-do-now/#AsthmaCare">Asthma UK</a> has guidance on what people might expect from their usual asthma care at the moment. <a href="https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/asthma-and-covid-19-risks-and-management-considerations/">The advice</a> is that people manage their asthma as well as possible to reduce risk from COVID-19. This includes restarting or continuing prescribed medications and avoiding known triggers, such as air pollution and cigarette smoke.</p> <p>Some countries now recommend that people wear a face covering (not a surgical mask) in certain settings. Wearing a face covering may be difficult for some people with asthma, and the UK government has advised that people with respiratory conditions don’t need to wear face coverings <a href="https://www.asthma.org.uk/advice/triggers/coronavirus-covid-19/what-should-people-with-asthma-do-now/">if it is difficult for them to do so</a>.</p> <p>Finally, it’s worth noting that this pandemic has the potential to affect <a href="https://www.nhs.uk/oneyou/every-mind-matters/coronavirus-covid-19-staying-at-home-tips/">mental health and wellbeing</a> and that this may be even more of a risk for people with <a href="https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/supporting-people-with-long-term-conditions-ltcs-during-national-emergencies/">long-term conditions</a>, such as asthma. Anxiety and depression are associated with worse asthma control.</p> <p>The charity, <a href="https://www.asthma.org.uk/coronavirus/">Asthma UK</a>, recommends people with asthma stay active, look after their health, stay social, and ask for support.</p> <p>While research continues to establish who is at high risk from COVID-19 infection, it’s important not to lose sight of the broader ways in which this pandemic may affect people with asthma – and the fact that some groups of people will be <a href="https://www.asthma.org.uk/dd78d558/globalassets/get-involved/external-affairs-campaigns/publications/health-inequality/auk-health-inequalities-final.pdf">more affected than others</a>. Both asthma and COVID-19 disproportionately affect people from more deprived communities and people from non-white ethnic groups. New ways of managing asthma will need to be found and they must be designed to minimise the impact of this double burden wherever possible.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/139693/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /><em><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></em></p> <p><em><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/jamie-hartmann-boyce-528029">Jamie Hartmann-Boyce</a>, Departmental Lecturer and Co-Director of Evidence-Based Healthcare DPhil programme, Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-oxford-1260">University of Oxford</a></em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/coronavirus-and-asthma-what-we-know-so-far-139693">original article</a>.</em></p>

Health

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Royal slap: The prince fined thousands for breaking lockdown laws

<p>A Belgian prince who contracted coronavirus after breaking lockdown rules in Spain has been fined 10,400 euros (SG$16,343).</p> <p>Prince Joachim was issued with the penalty after attending a private party in Córdoba with 27 guests on May 26, two days after arriving in the country for an internship. At the time, international arrivals were required to quarantine for 14 days, and gatherings were limited to a maximum of 15 attendees.</p> <p>The day after the event, Joachim began experiencing symptoms of coronavirus, and later tested positive for COVID-19.</p> <p>The 28-year-old prince, nephew of King Philippe and 10th in line to the throne, has since apologised.</p> <p>“I would like to apologize for traveling and not having respected the quarantine measures,” Joachim said in a statement.</p> <p>“I did not intend to offend or disrespect anyone in these very difficult times and deeply regret my actions and accept the consequences.”</p> <p>Joachim has 15 days to pay or <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/prince-joachim-belgium-fined-spain-for-breaking-coronavirus-lockdown-rules-party-in-cordova/">appeal</a> the fine. According to <em>El País</em>, the amount of the fine will be reduced by half if he complies with the deadline.</p> <p>He is the second member of the Belgian royal family to have contracted COVID-19, after Princess Claire.</p> <p>More than 27,000 have died from coronavirus in Spain, while Belgium’s coronavirus death toll has passed 9,600.</p>

Travel

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Are your grandkids using headphones more during the pandemic? Here’s how to protect their ears

<p>During the coronavirus pandemic, have your kids been using headphones more than usual? Maybe for remote schooling, video chats with relatives, or for their favourite music and Netflix shows?</p> <p>We have to be careful about both the volume and duration of headphone use. Listening too loudly or for too long can do permanent damage to hearing. The good news is there are ways to prevent long-term harm relatively easily.</p> <p><strong>Hearing loss in children may be increasing</strong></p> <p>Our hearing needs to be protected throughout life, because damage to hearing cannot be reversed. This is why we have workplace noise exposure <a href="https://www.worksafe.vic.gov.au/noise-safety-basics">standards and guidelines</a>, which tell workers when to use protection such as earplugs or ear defenders.</p> <p>Unfortunately though, hearing loss in children may be increasing. A <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30872125/?from_single_result=Prevalence+of+Childhood+Hearing+Loss+and+Secular+Trends%3A+A+Systematic+Review+and+Meta-Analysis&amp;expanded_search_query=Prevalence+of+Childhood+Hearing+Loss+and+Secular+Trends%3A+A+Systematic+Review+and+Meta-Analysis">study</a> from last year, in which both of us were involved, reviewed the hearing of more than 3.3 million children from 39 countries across a 20-year period.</p> <p>We found around 13% of children had measurable hearing loss by 18 years of age that may impact their ability to decipher sounds important for understanding speech. The study suggested hearing loss in kids is rising – but we don’t yet know why.</p> <p>Not many studies have examined whether headphone use is directly linked to hearing loss in children. But in one <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/article-abstract/2684510">study of 9-11-year-old Dutch children</a>, where 14% had measurable hearing loss, around 40% reported using portable music devices with headphones. Could headphones be contributing? Possibly, but unfortunately we don’t know for sure, and more studies are needed.</p> <p><strong>How do we know whether our children’s hearing is being affected?</strong></p> <p>Adults typically first notice a hearing problem by struggling to hear higher-pitched sounds clearly. Sounds may seem muffled, or the ears may feel “blocked”, or they may notice a ringing or buzzing sound, called tinnitus.</p> <p>Unlike adults, children won’t necessarily know how to describe these symptoms. Instead they may use terms they do know, like a bee buzzing, a whistle, or the wind blowing. Parents should treat any reported ear symptom as serious and get their child’s hearing tested. It’s best to visit a hearing clinic first, and then a GP if necessary, although this will depend on your location.</p> <p><strong>Excessive noise damages hearing</strong></p> <p>Our inner ear (cochlea) contains tiny hair cells, which change sounds we hear into electrical signals for our brain. These hair cells are finely tuned and are responsible for different pitches of sound, like keys on a piano.</p> <p>Exposure to loud noise can damage these hair cells and perhaps the <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2812055/">nerve</a> that connects the cochlea to the brain. Repeated excessive noise exposure can lead to permanent hearing loss. Unfortunately, by the time someone experiences hearing problems, some irreversible damage has already happened.</p> <p><strong>What should we do to protect kids’ hearing?</strong></p> <p>The risk of hearing damage depends on both loudness and duration of sound exposure. Limiting both helps to reduce the risk of hearing damage.</p> <p><strong>Limiting loudness</strong></p> <p>We measure the loudness of sound in decibels (dB). But it’s important to note that the dB scale is logarithmic rather than linear. That means a 110dB sound (similar to a chainsaw) is actually much more than 10% louder than a 100dB sound. Parents can download free sound meter apps that help with understanding the volume of different environments and activities.</p> <p>A more difficult task for parents is monitoring the loudness within their children’s headphones. Some headphones leak sounds out, while others insulate the sound into the ear. So a child using “leaky” headphones at a safe volume may appear to be listening to sounds that are too loud, but a child with tightly sealed headphones could be playing sounds at potentially damaging levels without parents noticing.</p> <p>To understand their child’s specific usage, parents can:</p> <ul> <li><strong>listen to their child’s headphones</strong> to understand how loud sounds can become</li> <li>check to see if children can <strong>hear you talk at a normal volume from an arm’s length away</strong>, over the sounds playing on the headphones. If they can, their headphone use is more likely to be at a safe volume.</li> </ul> <p>There are headphones designed for children that limit the maximum loudness – usually to 85dB. While a limit is great, listening to 85dB sounds all day every day is not risk-free.</p> <p>Noise-cancelling headphones are another option, albeit expensive. By reducing the intrusion of outside noise, it should mean children can keep headphone volume lower.</p> <p><strong>Managing duration</strong></p> <p>We should also monitor how long we’re exposed to sound. Everyday conversation is around 60dB, which will not be a problem regardless of the duration of exposure. However, <a href="http://dangerousdecibels.org/education/information-center/decibel-exposure-time-guidelines/">guidelines</a> say we can be exposed an 85dB sound (like a rubbish truck) for up to 8 hours at a time. But if the loudness of the sound is increased by just 3 decibels to 88dB, the sound energy is doubled, and safe exposure time would drop to just 4 hours. Operating a chainsaw at 110dB would then be limited to around 1 minute before damage is likely to occur.</p> <p>Exposure to noise is cumulative. Noise can also come from other sources in the child’s environment. Consider a child’s activities throughout a day. Parents should try to avoid consecutive noisy exercises, like headphone use, music practice, then noisy toys or games. Considering the total “doses” of sound in the day means parents should schedule some breaks to allow the ears time to recover.</p> <p>Of course, parents should practise what they preach! Modelling responsible use of headphones and awareness of the enjoyment of being able to hear well into adulthood is key.</p> <p><em>Written by Pater Carew and Valerie Sung. </em><em>Republished with permission of </em><a href="https://theconversation.com/are-your-kids-using-headphones-more-during-the-pandemic-heres-how-to-protect-their-ears-139392"><em>The Conversation.</em></a></p>

Lifestyle

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Four countries offering incredible coronavirus travel deals

<div class="post_body_wrapper"> <div class="post_body"> <div class="body_text "> <p>With many industries being hit hard by the coronavirus pandemic, it appears that the tourism industry is no exception. Although non-essential travel is currently prohibited, countries around the world are getting ready for visitors to appear on their shores this summer.</p> <p>In an impressive effort to entice tourists, some countries are offering discount vouchers for spas, museums and theme parks. Others are offering free hotel stays. Here are four countries that are offering incentives to travel there.</p> <blockquote style="background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);" class="instagram-media" data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/p/CA4YKXAnewW/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" data-instgrm-version="12"> <div style="padding: 16px;"> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;"></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;"></div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;"></div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 19% 0;"></div> <div style="display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;"></div> <div style="padding-top: 8px;"> <div style="color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;">View this post on Instagram</div> </div> <p style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;" rel="noopener" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/CA4YKXAnewW/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" target="_blank">A post shared by Discover our Sicily (@_discoveringsicily_)</a> on May 31, 2020 at 10:34pm PDT</p> </div> </blockquote> <p><strong>1.</strong><span> </span><strong>Sicily, Italy</strong></p> <p>The small southern Italian island has announced that the country is offering to pay half of visitors’ flight costs and a third of hotel expenses to entice tourists to return after the coronavirus pandemic.</p> <p>There are also free tickets being offered to many of the museums on the island as well as free tickets to archaeological sites.</p> <blockquote style="background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);" class="instagram-media" data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/p/B7rZVtnJpFK/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" data-instgrm-version="12"> <div style="padding: 16px;"> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;"></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;"></div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;"></div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 19% 0;"></div> <div style="display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;"></div> <div style="padding-top: 8px;"> <div style="color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;">View this post on Instagram</div> </div> <p style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;" rel="noopener" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/B7rZVtnJpFK/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" target="_blank">A post shared by Iceland Naturally (@icelandnatural)</a> on Jan 23, 2020 at 1:57pm PST</p> </div> </blockquote> <p><strong>2.</strong><span> </span><strong>Iceland</strong></p> <p>Iceland has a plan to entice tourists by offering travellers free COVID-19 tests upon arrival at the airport. If you test negative, you’re free to enjoy your time in the country. If not, you’re required to self-isolate for 14 days.</p> <p><a rel="noopener" href="https://www.insider.com/all-places-offering-discounts-freebies-incentives-entice-tourists-post-coronavirus-2020-6#iceland-free-coronavirus-tests-5" target="_blank"><em>Insider</em></a><span> </span>is aware that the new border process is still being finalised, so it’s not known whether the tests will remain free for an initial two week trial period or beyond that.</p> <blockquote style="background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);" class="instagram-media" data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/p/B_qKxMqJu6p/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" data-instgrm-version="12"> <div style="padding: 16px;"> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;"></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;"></div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;"></div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 19% 0;"></div> <div style="display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;"></div> <div style="padding-top: 8px;"> <div style="color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;">View this post on Instagram</div> </div> <p style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;" rel="noopener" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/B_qKxMqJu6p/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" target="_blank">A post shared by Cancun (@cancun)</a> on May 1, 2020 at 1:36pm PDT</p> </div> </blockquote> <p><strong>3.</strong><span> </span><strong>Cancun, Mexico</strong></p> <p>Mexico is very keen to welcome back tourists from mid-June, as a new tourism campaign called #Come2MexicanCaribbean or #VenAlCaribeMexicanoX2 has been launched. The campaign boasts a lot of perks for tourists.</p> <p>Some of these perks include two free nights for every two nights paid by guests, two free days of car rentals for every two days paid for, free stays for up to two children when two adults book as well as 20 per cent off at participating theme parks, golf courses and spas.</p> <blockquote style="background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);" class="instagram-media" data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/p/B_6oFguD4Rk/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" data-instgrm-version="12"> <div style="padding: 16px;"> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;"></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;"></div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;"></div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 19% 0;"></div> <div style="display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;"></div> <div style="padding-top: 8px;"> <div style="color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;">View this post on Instagram</div> </div> <p style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;" rel="noopener" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/B_6oFguD4Rk/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" target="_blank">A post shared by Visit Cyprus (@visitcypruscom)</a> on May 7, 2020 at 11:00pm PDT</p> </div> </blockquote> <p><strong>4.</strong><span> </span><strong>Cyprus</strong></p> <p>Cyprus is also being generous with their highly anticipated tourists, as the country has promised to cover the costs of tourists who fall ill with COVID-19 while visiting.</p> <p>Authorities of the island have said that they will pay for any accommodation, food and medicine used by patients and their families if any tourists test positive for the virus.</p> </div> </div> </div>

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Could taking hydroxychloroquine for coronavirus be more harmful than helpful?

<p>A <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)31180-6/fulltext">paper published in <em>The Lancet</em></a> has cast fresh controversy on the use of the malaria drug hydroxychloroquine as a potential treatment for COVID-19.</p> <p>The study’s authors reported they were “unable to confirm a benefit” of using the drug, while also finding COVID-19 patients in hospital treated with hydroxychloroquine were more likely to die or suffer life-threatening heart rhythm complications.</p> <p>The publication prompted the World Health Organisation to <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-26/who-pauses-trial-of-hydroxychloroquine-for-coronavirus-patients/12285652">suspend its testing of hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19</a>, while a <a href="https://www.ascot-trial.edu.au/blogs/news/statement-on-the-status-of-australasian-covid-19-trial-ascot">similar Australian trial</a> has paused recruitment.</p> <p><strong>A bit of background</strong></p> <p>Hydroxychloroquine has been used since the 1940s to treat malaria, but has been making headlines as a <a href="https://www.nps.org.au/media/hydroxychloroquine-and-covid-19">potential treatment for COVID-19</a>. US President Donald Trump recently declared <a href="https://theconversation.com/donald-trump-is-taking-hydroxychloroquine-to-ward-off-covid-19-is-that-wise-139031">he was taking it daily</a>, while Australian businessman and politician Clive Palmer <a href="https://www.sbs.com.au/news/the-feed/clive-palmer-has-bought-30-million-doses-of-an-anti-malaria-drug-to-fight-covid-19-but-experts-warn-this-may-not-be-the-cure-all">pledged to create a national stockpile</a> of the drug.</p> <p>The drug alters the human immune system (it’s an <a href="https://www.nps.org.au/hcq-and-covid-19">immunomodulator, not an immunosuppressant</a>) and has an important role in helping people with rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.</p> <p>It does have a range of serious <a href="https://www.tga.gov.au/alert/new-restrictions-prescribing-hydroxychloroquine-covid-19">possible side-effects</a>, including eye damage and altered heart rhythm, which require monitoring.</p> <p><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41421-020-0156-0">Laboratory studies</a> suggest hydroxychloroquine may disrupt replication of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19. It’s also possible hydroxychloroquine could reduce “<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7161506/">cytokine storm</a>” – the catastrophic immune system overreaction that happens in some people with severe COVID-19.</p> <p>A huge global effort is underway to investigate whether hydroxychloroquine is safe and effective for preventing or treating COVID-19, especially to improve recovery and reduce the risk of death. Previous studies have been inconclusive as they were anecdotal, observational or small randomised trials.</p> <p>Doubts about hydroxychloroquine’s effectiveness have been increasing, with a large observational study from New York <a href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2012410">showing it had no benefit</a> in treating people with COVID-19.</p> <p>The new <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)31180-6/fulltext"><em>Lancet</em> study</a>, published last week, has found it could increase the risk of death among COVID-19 patients in hospital. But there’s more to the story.</p> <p><strong>What did the new study do?</strong></p> <p>The <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)31180-6/fulltext"><em>Lancet</em> study</a> collected real-world data on more than 96,000 hospitalised patients with COVID-19 from more than 600 hospitals across six continents.</p> <p>About 15,000 patients were treated with hydroxychloroquine (or a closely related drug, chloroquine) alone or in combination with an antibiotic.</p> <p>Using a global registry the researchers investigated the safety of these treatments. They looked at whether people died in hospital, as well as the risk of developing life-threatening heart rhythm problems (called ventricular arrhythmias).</p> <p><strong>What did the study find?</strong></p> <p>Treatment with hydroxychloroquine was associated with increased rates of death in people with COVID-19, even after the researchers adjusted for other factors (age, other health conditions, suppressed immune system, smoking, and severity of the COVID-19 infection) that might increase the risk of death.</p> <p>About 18% of people who received hydroxychloroquine died in hospital, compared with 9% of people with COVID-19 who did not receive these treatments. The risk of death was even higher (24%) in people receiving hydroxychloroquine in combination with either of the antibiotics azithromycin or clarithromycin.</p> <p>Hydroxychloroquine (6%) and chloroquine (4%) treatment was also associated with more cases of dangerous heart rhythm problems when compared with untreated people with COVID-19 (0.3%).</p> <p>Any evidence of benefit, while not the focus of this study, was unclear.</p> <p><strong>How can we interpret the results?</strong></p> <p>This was an observational study, so it can only explore the association between treatments and death – rather than telling us hydroxychloroquine <em>caused</em> these patients to die.</p> <p>It is <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)31174-0/fulltext">unclear</a> why the death rate for patients treated with hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine was double that of those who weren’t, as the cause of death was not reported in this study.</p> <p>Importantly, the study cannot account for all the factors that might contribute to death in these hospitalised patients and how these factors interact with each other. However, the researchers did a good job of “<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3144483/">matching</a>” the characteristics of people who were receiving hydroxychloroquine with those who were not receiving the drug, which makes the results more reliable.</p> <p>But there may still be other factors, or medicines, that contributed to these findings. So there remains uncertainly about whether hydroxychloroquine causes, or even contributes to, the death of people with COVID-19.</p> <p>Further, it was not possible to have careful control over the hydroxychloroquine dose people received – or other medicines people might be taking such as antivirals or other medicines for heart conditions (which potentially interact in sick hospitalised patients).</p> <p>The average dose of hydroxychloroquine in this study was at the upper end of the regular recommended dose range for rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. But the wide range of hydroxychloroquine (and chloroquine) doses in this study makes interpretation of the findings difficult, especially when we know <a href="https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/coronavirus/hydroxychloroquine-use-during-the-covid-19-pandemi">harmful effects</a> are associated with larger doses.</p> <p><strong>Broader implications</strong></p> <p>This study provides important information about the safety of hydroxychloroquine in treating vulnerable people with COVID-19 receiving hospital care.</p> <p>While the implications for using hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19 in the community or for prevention of COVID-19 remain unclear, if nothing else this study highlights the need to carefully monitor people receiving the drug.</p> <p>Some hydroxychloroquine trials are continuing, such as the very large <a href="https://www.recoverytrial.net/for-site-staff/site-staff/#alert">RECOVERY trial</a> in the UK.</p> <p>This new information must be considered when balancing harm and potential benefit of these trials and will likely result in renewed safety monitoring.</p> <p>We’ll need to see results from <a href="https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2020/clinical-trials-prevention-and-treatment-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-current">ongoing</a> high-quality randomised controlled trials to truly know if hydroxychloroquine is effective and safe in treating or preventing COVID-19.</p> <p>Further questions about what dose should be used, and which patients will benefit most, are topics under active investigation.</p> <p>You <a href="https://www.tga.gov.au/alert/new-restrictions-prescribing-hydroxychloroquine-covid-19">should not take hydroxychloroquine</a> for COVID-19 unless you’re part of a clinical trial. <strong>– Andrew McLachlan and Ric Day</strong></p> <p><strong>Blind peer review</strong></p> <p>This is a fair and reasonable review of the Lancet paper, its relationship to previous studies, and its impact on ongoing clinical trials.</p> <p>As stated in the review the Lancet article adds to the body of knowledge, including recent substantial studies in the <em><a href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2012410">New England Journal of Medicine</a> </em>and the <em><a href="https://www.bmj.com/content/369/bmj.m1849">British Medical Journal</a></em>, that hydroxychloroquine is without significant effect in treatment trials.</p> <p>The high death rate is concerning but not unprecedented, given that a clinical trial in Brazil was <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2765499">halted</a> because of adverse effects on the heart. However, recent <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/may/28/questions-raised-over-hydroxychloroquine-study-which-caused-who-to-halt-trials-for-covid-19?CMP=share_btn_tw">media reports</a> suggest the data may have to be revised due to <a href="https://statmodeling.stat.columbia.edu/2020/05/25/hydroxychloroquine-update/">misclassification</a> of the participating hospitals. <strong>– Ian Musgrave</strong></p> <hr /> <p><em>Research Checks interrogate newly published studies and how they’re reported in the media. The analysis is undertaken by one or more academics not involved with the study, and reviewed by another, to make sure it’s accurate.</em><!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/139309/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><em><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/andrew-mclachlan-255312">Andrew McLachlan</a>, Head of School and Dean of Pharmacy, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-sydney-841">University of Sydney</a> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/ric-day-14406">Ric Day</a>, Professor of Clinical Pharmacology, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/unsw-1414">UNSW</a></em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/could-taking-hydroxychloroquine-for-coronavirus-be-more-harmful-than-helpful-139309">original article</a>.</em></p>

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Whoever invents a coronavirus vaccine will control the patent – and who gets to use it

<p>With research laboratories around the world racing to develop a coronavirus vaccine, a unique challenge has emerged: how to balance intellectual property rights with serving the public good.</p> <p>Questions of patent protection and access to those patents has prompted an international group of scientists and lawyers to establish the <a href="https://opencovidpledge.org/">Open COVID Pledge</a>.</p> <p>This movement calls on organisations to freely make available their existing patents and copyrights associated with vaccine research to create an <a href="https://www.taylorwessing.com/en/insights-and-events/insights/2020/04/patent-pools---an-easy-licensing-option-for-covid-19-drugs-and-sars-cov-2-vaccines">open patent pool</a> to solve a global problem.</p> <p>The EU is <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-15/coronavirus-vaccine-patent-pooled-guarantee-who/12250186">leading the charge</a> to create such a pool by drafting a resolution at the World Health Organisation. The US, UK and a few others have been <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/17/us-and-uk-lead-push-against-global-patent-pool-for-covid-19-drugs?CMP=share_btn_tw">opposed to this idea</a>.</p> <p>For now, however, there are very few pharmaceutical and biotechnology corporations participating in the pledge, raising questions over whether the initiative will work.</p> <p>Instead, universities, publicly funded research institutes and pharmaceutical and biotechnology corporations are working on vaccine research through international consortia or public-private <a href="https://www.clinicaltrialsarena.com/analysis/covid-19-pharmaceutical-company-partnerships-for-coronavirus-vaccines-development/">partnerships</a>.</p> <p>If one group does develop a viable vaccine, this raises other questions that will soon need to be addressed:</p> <ul> <li>who is funding the research, and who has the rights to any patents coming out of it?</li> <li>can governments compel the owners of those patents to license other manufacturers to make the vaccines or medicines?</li> </ul> <p><strong>What are patent rights and why are they important?</strong></p> <p>Patent rights are a form of intellectual property rights. They provide creators of new inventions, like novel vaccines and medicines, with a limited-term monopoly over those inventions in the marketplace to help recover the costs of research and development.</p> <p>In other words, patents are an incentive to invent or innovate.</p> <p>Patents are granted by individual nations, but don’t apply across borders. To gain global protection, an inventor needs to apply for patents in every country – something that could be critical when it comes to vaccines. The <a href="https://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/registration/pct/">Patent Cooperation Treaty</a> helps to streamline the process, but it is still expensive and time-consuming.</p> <p>The limited-term monopoly on the market is balanced by the requirement that patent holders share information about their inventions in a register to make it available for anyone to use after the patent protection expires. The <a href="http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/pa1990109/s67.html">term of a standard patent</a> is usually 20 years.</p> <p>During the patent period, patent holders have exclusive rights to manufacture and sell their inventions. Or, they can choose to license the technology to others to manufacture and sell to the public.</p> <p>Such licences include a specified time limit and geographical area to exploit the patent. In return, the patent holder receives royalties or licence fees, or both.</p> <p>So, the race to develop a vaccine for COVID-19 is not just about saving lives during a pandemic, it’s also about owning the patent rights. This gives the owner control over the manufacturing and distribution of the vaccine in the countries where the patent rights are granted.</p> <p><strong>Who is currently researching a coronavirus vaccine?</strong></p> <p>The race currently includes universities, publicly funded research institutes and pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, <a href="https://www.clinicaltrialsarena.com/analysis/covid-19-pharmaceutical-company-partnerships-for-coronavirus-vaccines-development/">some working in partnership</a> with government institutions.</p> <p>The company that <a href="https://7news.com.au/lifestyle/health-wellbeing/coronavirus-vaccine-human-trials-by-moderna-show-promising-results-c-1045340">just announced early positive results</a> on a vaccine is Moderna, a biotech company based in the US, which is working with the National Institutes of Health. A <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/health/2020-05-24/coronavirus-vaccine-race/12277558">number of other developers</a> are also doing human trials globally, including many in China.</p> <p>When private companies and government institutions partner on developing a vaccine, it may result in joint ownership of a patent. This gives each owner the <a href="http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/pa1990109/s16.html">right</a> to manufacture the vaccine, but only together they can license the manufacturing to third parties.</p> <p><strong>What about the rights of nations?</strong></p> <p>Even if patent ownership is in the hands of private companies, the state may still have the right to use them for its <a href="http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/pa1990109/s163.html">own purposes</a> or in the case of <a href="http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/pa1990109/s163a.html">emergencies</a>. Many countries have specific laws to facilitate these arrangements.</p> <p>In the US, the <a href="https://www.unemed.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/35-U.S.C.-200-212-Bayh-Dole-Act.pdf">Bayh-Dole Act 1980</a> ensures the government retains sufficient rights to use patents resulting from federally supported research.</p> <p>Under these rights, <a href="https://www.unemed.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/35-U.S.C.-200-212-Bayh-Dole-Act.pdf">the government can be granted</a> a free license to use the patent itself or the right to arrange for a third party to use the patent on its behalf.</p> <p>In cases where the patent holder of a publicly funded invention refuses to licence it to third parties, the Bayh-Dole Act gives the government <a href="https://www.unemed.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/35-U.S.C.-200-212-Bayh-Dole-Act.pdf">“march-in” rights</a>.</p> <p>Under specific guidelines, this means a forced licence can be granted to a third party on reasonable terms. This includes in cases when the “action is necessary to alleviate health or safety needs” or to ensure the patented invention is actually manufactured within a reasonable time.</p> <p>In the case of COVID-19 research, this means the US government could order a corporation or university that invents a vaccine with federal funding to license the patent to others to make it.</p> <p>In Australia, the government can exploit the patented inventions of others under right of “<a href="https://www.alrc.gov.au/publication/genes-and-ingenuity-gene-patenting-and-human-health-alrc-report-99/26-crown-use-and-acquisition/crown-use/">crown use</a>”. In these cases, the patent holder is <a href="http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/pa1990109/s165.html">entitled to financial compensation</a> from the government.</p> <p>Like most other members of the World Trade Organisation, Australia also has compulsory licensing rules in its <a href="https://www.alrc.gov.au/publication/genes-and-ingenuity-gene-patenting-and-human-health-alrc-report-99/27-compulsory-licensing/compulsory-licensing/">patent law</a> that force inventors to license their patents to third parties on reasonable terms in specific circumstances.</p> <p>In reality, though, such compulsory licences are under-utilised in countries like Australia, New Zealand, the UK and Japan, and rarely granted, if at all.</p> <p><strong>Working together for the common good</strong></p> <p>This brings us to the <a href="https://opencovidpledge.org/">Open COVID Pledge</a>, which is designed to make the relevant intellectual property freely available under an <a href="https://opencovidpledge.org/licenses">open licence</a>.</p> <p>Such open-access licensing has been used in the publishing industry for years, for example with <a href="https://creativecommons.org/about/program-areas/open-access/">Creative Commons</a> publications online, and in the technology industry through <a href="https://opensource.com/resources/what-open-source">open-source</a> licences.</p> <p>If more of the public-private partnerships working on a coronavirus vaccine do sign up to the pledge, perhaps it will be one of the positives to come out of the pandemic. It could allow open-access licences for lifesaving technologies to become accepted practice.</p> <p><em>Written by Natalie Stoianoff. Republished with permission of <a href="https://theconversation.com/whoever-invents-a-coronavirus-vaccine-will-control-the-patent-and-importantly-who-gets-to-use-it-138121">The Conversation.</a> </em></p> <p> </p>

Health

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Duchess Camilla makes acting debut in charity project

<p>The Duchess of Cornwall has performed her first ever character role since joining the British Royal Family as she joined Oscar winners for a charity reading.</p> <p>Appearing alongside Oscar-winning director Taika Waititi and actors Lupita Nyong’o and Josh Gad, Duchess Camilla took part in the sixth episode of<span> </span>James and the Giant Peach, with Taika and Friends<span> </span>on YouTube.</p> <p>“I’m not much of an actor but I’ll do my best,” Camilla told Waititi, a New Zealand filmmaker, before she began reading the Roald Dahl classic from her Birkhall residence.</p> <p>The Duchess played the part of the Ship’s Captain in the story. One of her lines read: “Holy cats! Send a message to the Queen at once! The country must be warned!”</p> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"><iframe class="embed-responsive-item" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/4g1wRIMNV9M"></iframe></div> <p>The project is an initiative from the Roald Dahl Story Company to raise funds for Partners in Health, who are working on the front line amid the COVID-19 pandemic.</p> <p>The Duchess, who is royal patron of Roald Dahl’s Marvellous Children’s Charity, said in a statement: “I hope this campaign will raise vital funds to support those most in need at this very challenging time – as well as helping families and children currently in lockdown to find a moment of comfort through the joy of reading.”</p> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet"> <p dir="ltr">The Duchess of Cornwall has joined <a href="https://twitter.com/TaikaWaititi?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@TaikaWaititi</a> and The <a href="https://twitter.com/roald_dahl?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@roald_dahl</a> Story Company for her first character reading in Episode 6 of James and The Giant Peach with <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/TaikaAndFriends?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#TaikaAndFriends</a>. 📖 <a href="https://t.co/lMcITcoDb7">https://t.co/lMcITcoDb7</a></p> — Clarence House (@ClarenceHouse) <a href="https://twitter.com/ClarenceHouse/status/1265629629194416130?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">May 27, 2020</a></blockquote> <p>The readings have also been joined by a number of other celebrities, including Meryl Streep, Cate Blanchett and Chris Hemsworth.</p>

Entertainment

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France told to sell Mona Lisa to cover coronavirus losses

<p>France should offset its financial losses from the coronavirus pandemic by selling Leonardo da Vinci’s masterpiece Mona Lisa for at least €50 billion, a tech CEO has suggested.</p> <p>Stephane Distinguin, founder and CEO of tech company Fabernovel, told <em>Usbek &amp; Rica </em>magazine that the country should “sell the family jewellery” to help deal with the “unfathomable” crisis.</p> <p>“Day after day, we list the billions engulfed in this slump like children counting the fall of a stone into a well to measure its depth,” Distinguin said.</p> <p>“We are still counting, and this crisis seems unfathomable.</p> <p>“As an entrepreneur and a taxpayer, I know that these billions are not invented and that they will necessarily cost us. An obvious reflex is to sell off a valuable asset at the highest price possible, but one that is the least critical as possible to our future.”</p> <p>Distinguin said France has “a lot of paintings”, which are “easy to move and therefore to hand over”.</p> <p>He said: “In 2020, we have to get the money where it is. So sell family jewellery … The price is the crux of the matter and the main subject of controversy. The price has to be insane for the operation to make sense.”</p> <p>The 46-year-old also suggested that the 16th century Italian Renaissance painting could be “tokenised” with a form of cryptocurrency, allowing it to be shared between countries around the world.</p> <p>“It would be like a big global subscription,” he said. “Legally and technically, this solution would have many advantages: it would allow France and the Louvre to keep control of the painting.”</p> <p>The <a href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2020/04/14/weo-april-2020">International Monetary Fund</a> expected France’s GDP to contract by 7.2 per cent in 2020 as a result of the coronavirus outbreak. Many French tourism operators also <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/tamarathiessen/2020/05/02/forget-french-travel-this-year-tourism-operators-warn/#4719c0b554bd">fear the country will remain off-limits to international visitors this year</a>.</p>

Entertainment

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The special meaning behind Queen Elizabeth’s favourite flower

<p>The Queen has revealed her favourite flower for the Royal Horticultural Society’s Chelsea Flower Show this year.</p> <p>In honour of the first day of the show, which was moved online this year in response to the coronavirus pandemic, the monarch shared that one of her favourite blooms was lily of the valley.</p> <p>“Members of the Royal Family are taking part in the #MyChelseaGarden campaign, sharing a selection of their favourite plants and flowers at this time of year,” an Instagram post on the Royal Family account read.</p> <p>“The Queen has chosen lily of the valley, pictured here in the Buckingham Palace gardens. Lily of the valley featured in Her Majesty’s coronation bouquet and has held special associations since.”</p> <blockquote style="background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);" class="instagram-media" data-instgrm-captioned="" data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/p/CAVRMEpHS4c/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" data-instgrm-version="12"> <div style="padding: 16px;"> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;"></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;"></div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;"></div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 19% 0;"></div> <div style="display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;"></div> <div style="padding-top: 8px;"> <div style="color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;">View this post on Instagram</div> </div> <p style="margin: 8px 0 0 0; padding: 0 4px;"><a style="color: #000; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word;" rel="noopener" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/CAVRMEpHS4c/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" target="_blank">On the first day of the virtual Chelsea Flower Show, members of the Royal Family are taking part in the #MyChelseaGarden campaign, sharing a selection of their favourite plants and flowers at this time of year. 🌿🌸 . As this year's show coincides with #MentalHealthAwarenessWeek, @the_rhs are encouraging people to brighten their social media feeds with images of plants and gardens, to provide a moment of respite in these challenging times. The Queen has chosen lily of the valley, pictured here in the Buckingham Palace gardens. Lily of the valley featured in Her Majesty’s coronation bouquet and has held special associations since. Visit our website to see #MyChelseaGarden images shared by other members of the Royal Family (link in bio). . #MyChelseaGarden #VirtualChelsea #RHSChelsea</a></p> <p style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;">A post shared by <a style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px;" rel="noopener" href="https://www.instagram.com/theroyalfamily/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" target="_blank"> The Royal Family</a> (@theroyalfamily) on May 18, 2020 at 7:19am PDT</p> </div> </blockquote> <p>The spring flower is the May birth flower, and is said to bring luck in love.</p> <p>The white buds were also featured in the wedding bouquets of many royals, including Queen Victoria, Princess Astrid of Sweden, Grace Kelly, and Duchess Kate.</p> <p>Other royals also shared their favourite flowers on the Royal Family website. The Queen’s daughter Princess Anne opted for hellebores, stating: “Not only do they flower early but they keep flowering for two months, and they are often beautifully marked with endless variations.”</p> <p>Prince Charles picked delphiniums, while his wife Duchess Camilla chose Alchemilla Mollis. The Duke of Gloucester celebrated daisies, and his wife the Duchess of Gloucester chose sweet peas.</p> <p>Her Majesty’s cousin Princess Alexandra picked the Golden Celebration rose, saying it “gives me great pleasure to look at and has the most extraordinary and unique scent”.</p> <p>The Queen released a special message of support for the show on Monday.</p> <blockquote style="background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);" class="instagram-media" data-instgrm-captioned="" data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/p/CAU3LeuH3HI/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" data-instgrm-version="12"> <div style="padding: 16px;"> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;"></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;"></div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;"></div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 19% 0;"></div> <div style="display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;"></div> <div style="padding-top: 8px;"> <div style="color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;">View this post on Instagram</div> </div> <p style="margin: 8px 0 0 0; padding: 0 4px;"><a style="color: #000; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word;" rel="noopener" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/CAU3LeuH3HI/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" target="_blank">The Royal Horticultural Society Chelsea Flower Show is moving online for the first time. 🌸💻 . Visit @the_rhs for a unique timetable of events from Monday 18th to Saturday 23rd May, including gardening advice and virtual sessions. The RHS have been supporting gardeners old and new, with more people than ever accessing the advice pages on their website over recent weeks. Her Majesty has been Patron of the Royal Horticultural Society since 1952 - she first attended the show as Monarch in 1955, and has visited almost every year since. The Queen has today sent her best wishes to all those associated with the RHS: ‘My family and I have always enjoyed visiting the Show, and I know that your Members and Supporters will be disappointed that they are unable to attend in person this year. . ‘I am sure that my grandmother, Queen Mary, who first attended the Chelsea Flower Show in 1916, would be delighted that many people today have an enthusiasm for horticulture, and that gardening remains a popular pastime in the United Kingdom.’ . #RHSChelsea #VirtualChelsea #ChelseaFlowerShow Images: ©️ @the_rhs Lindley Library</a></p> <p style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;">A post shared by <a style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px;" rel="noopener" href="https://www.instagram.com/theroyalfamily/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" target="_blank"> The Royal Family</a> (@theroyalfamily) on May 18, 2020 at 3:32am PDT</p> </div> </blockquote> <p>“I am sure that my grandmother, Queen Mary, who first attended the Chelsea Flower Show in 1916, would be delighted that many people today have an enthusiasm for horticulture, and that gardening remains a popular pastime in the United Kingdom,” she said.</p>

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Man infects at least 32 people with coronavirus in 2.5 hours

<p>A man unknowingly infected at least 32 people with coronavirus at a choir practice, a <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6919e6.htm?s_cid=mm6919e6_e&amp;deliveryName=USCDC_921-DM28169">new report by the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)</a> found.</p> <p>The choir practice was held in Skagit Valley, Washington, on March 10 – three days before President Donald Trump declared national emergency over the COVID-19 outbreak.</p> <p>Out of the 122 members of the Skagit Valley Chorale, 61 attended the evening practice at the Mount Vernon Presbyterian Church.</p> <p>One of those singers had cold-like symptoms starting on March 7 but only realised it was COVID-19 after a test later confirmed the diagnosis, according to the CDC study.</p> <p>The members avoided direct physical contact such as hugs and handshakes. “It seemed like a normal rehearsal, except that choirs are huggy places,” conductor Adam Burdick told the <em><a href="https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-03-29/coronavirus-choir-outbreak">Los Angeles Times</a></em>. “We were making music and trying to keep a certain distance between each other.”</p> <p>The practice lasted 2.5 hours. Most members sat in their usual rehearsal seats. Once seated, they practiced singing for 40 minutes before splitting into two smaller groups for a 50-minute block. After a 15-minute break, during which some members shared cookies and oranges, they all reconvened for a final 45-minute practice session.</p> <p>“During the entire rehearsal, no one sneezed, no one coughed, no one there appeared to be sick in any way,” member Carolynn Comstock told <em><a href="https://edition.cnn.com/2020/04/01/us/washington-choir-practice-coronavirus-deaths/index.html">KIRO</a></em>.</p> <p>Within days, people began showing COVID-19 symptoms. In less than two weeks, 32 people tested positive for COVID-19 and another 20 were considered to have probable infections. Three were hospitalised, and two of them died.</p> <p>The CDC said people with symptoms should isolate or self-quarantine to prevent further spread of the disease.</p> <p>“The potential for superspreader events underscores the importance of physical distancing, including avoiding gathering in large groups, to control spread of COVID-19,” the agency said in the report.</p>

Health

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Strange but true: How llamas could help us defeat COVID-19

<p>The quest for an effective COVID-19 treatment has led some researchers to llamas, as a new study found promising results in the animal’s antibodies.</p> <p>Research published in the journal <em><a href="https://www.cell.com/cell/pdf/S0092-8674(20)30494-3.pdf?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0092867420304943%3Fshowall%3Dtrue">Cell</a> </em>found that antibodies in llamas’ blood could offer a defence against the coronavirus. Llamas have small antibodies that can sneak into spaces on viral proteins that are too tiny for human antibodies, helping humans to fend off the virus. It is hoped that the llama antibodies could help protect humans who have not been infected.</p> <p>The findings originated in a Belgium-based llama named Winter. The antibodies of the four-year-old animal had been proven able to fight SARS and MERS, and researchers found that they were effective against the virus behind COVID-19 in cell cultures.</p> <p>In an interview with <a href="https://www.wbur.org/commonhealth/2020/05/16/llama-antibodies-can-neutralize-virus">Vermont Public Radio</a>, the study’s co-author Daniel Wrapp said an approved therapeutic could be available on the market in a year’s time.</p> <p>“We are actively performing pre-clinical trials, testing for protection in hamsters,” Wrapp said.</p> <p>“If that looks good, we’ll move into non-human primates. And if that looks good, we’ll begin phase-one clinical testing in humans.”</p> <p>Llama antibodies have also been investigated for their potency against HIV and other viruses.</p>

Lifestyle

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Check your feet! 'COVID toes' are a new and more rampant sign of coronavirus

<div class="post_body_wrapper"> <div class="post_body"> <div class="body_text "> <p>Skin doctors are currently looking at a lot of toes, as concern grows that for some people, a symptom COVID-19 might be in an unusual spot.</p> <p>Boston dermatologist Esther Freeman expected to see skin complaints as COVID-19 hit the US but wasn’t expecting them to be toes.</p> <p>"But I was not anticipating those would be toes," Massachusetts General Hospital employee Dr Freeman said to <em><a rel="noopener" href="https://www.9news.com.au/world/covid-toe-rash-possible-coronavirus-infection-sign/5bf041bd-a472-44e9-9e95-f8eb10695447" target="_blank">9news</a>.</em></p> <p>Cases were initially recorded in children but has appeared to have spread to adults as well.</p> <p>Dr Freeman has viewed via telemedicine more toes in the last several weeks than in her entire week.</p> <p>They’re being called ‘COVID toes’, which are red, sore and sometimes itchy swellings on toes.</p> <p>"I think it's much more rampant than we even realize. The good news is it resolves spontaneously," Dr Amy Paller of Northwestern University said.</p> <p>There are many theories as to why ‘COVID toes’ are appearing, including that it could be inflammation triggered by the infection instead of the cold as well as the virus potentially irritating the lining of blood vessels in the skin.</p> <p>"The public health message is not to panic," Dr Freeman said, noting that most toe patients she's seen haven't become severely ill. Are they contagious?</p> <p>"We can't tell if you've got COVID-19 just by looking at your toes," she said.</p> </div> </div> </div>

Health

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Dogs may be able to ‘sniff out’ coronavirus, study hopes

<p>Researchers are launching a trial to see whether dogs can sniff out coronavirus in humans before symptoms appear.</p> <p>Dogs at the Medical Detection Dogs charity have already been trained to detect odours of malaria, Parkinson’s disease and certain cancers – and a new study will explore whether the <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-52686660">Labradors and cocker spaniels</a> can spot COVID-19 in people.</p> <p>The first phase of the trial will be led by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in collaboration with the charity and Durham University. It has been supported with £500,000 of UK government funding.</p> <p>Six medical sniffer dogs will be trained through identify the virus on odour samples collected from coronavirus patients in London hospitals. The training could take six to eight weeks, the charity said.</p> <p>“Our previous work has shown that malaria has a distinctive odour, and, with Medical Detection Dogs, we successfully trained dogs to accurately detect malaria,” said Professor James Logan, the project’s lead researcher and head of the department of disease control at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.</p> <p>“This, combined with the knowledge that respiratory disease can change body odour, makes us <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/may/16/uk-researchers-hope-dogs-can-be-trained-to-detect-coronavirus">hopeful that the dogs can also detect COVID-19</a>. If successful, this approach could revolutionise how we detect the virus, with the potential to screen high numbers of people.”</p>

Lifestyle

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COVID-19 epicentre Wuhan records new cluster of cases after relaxing lockdown

<div class="post_body_wrapper"> <div class="post_body"> <div class="body_text "> <p>The Chinese city of Wuhan has reported six new cases of COVID-19 over the last few days which marks the first officially documented re-emergence of the virus in over a month.</p> <p>Wuhan is the city where the coronavirus first broke out last December and had not recorded a new case since April 3rd. The city had since eased lockdowns and reopened schools.</p> <p>The first new Wuhan case was previously asymptomatic, and the 89-year-old man had not left his residential compound since the Lunar New Year in late January.</p> <p>His wife also tested positive for the virus despite showing no symptoms, the Wuhan municipal health commission said.</p> <p>The residential compound has had 20 confirmed cases and experts say that the new round of infections was mainly due to previous community infections.</p> <p>The new cases highlight the potential for new clusters of infections due to carriers who do not look ill or have a fever.</p> <p>On Sunday, authorities also reported new coronavirus cases in northeast China, with one city in Jilin province being reclassified as high-risk, the top of a three-tier zoning system.</p> <p>The city of Shulan was raised from medium to high after raising it from low to medium the day before after a woman tested positive on May 7th.</p> <p>The new cases spike the overall number of confirmed new cases in mainland China to 14, which is the highest reported number since April 28.</p> <p>In Wuhan, more than 20,000 people will be tested in the area where the cluster of new cases was found.</p> <p>Almost 4,000 people have died across the city according to the official tally.</p> <p>There is speculation that the figure could be higher as China faces questions from other countries about the accuracy of its reporting on COVID-19 cases.</p> </div> </div> </div>

News

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Woman makes ‘monstrous’ knitted masks to encourage social distancing

<p>An Icelandic woman has promoted social distancing through a novel, innovative way: knitting.</p> <p>Knitwear designer Ýrúrarí Jóhannsdóttir has gone viral after sharing her knitted masks and other isolation creations on social media.</p> <p>The 3D masks – which feature knits of mouths, teeth and jutting tongues – have been described by fans as “grotesque”, “<a href="https://www.vogue.com/article/icelandic-knitwear-designer-tongue-masks-yrurari-johannsdottir">trippy</a>” and “<a href="https://10daily.com.au/news/a200505cmtfy/woman-makes-grotesque-knits-to-scare-people-into-social-distancing-20200505">freakish</a>”.</p> <blockquote style="background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);" class="instagram-media" data-instgrm-captioned="" data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/p/B_DKJ3xgUWt/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" data-instgrm-version="12"> <div style="padding: 16px;"> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;"></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;"></div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;"></div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 19% 0;"></div> <div style="display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;"></div> <div style="padding-top: 8px;"> <div style="color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;">View this post on Instagram</div> </div> <p style="margin: 8px 0 0 0; padding: 0 4px;"><a style="color: #000; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word;" rel="noopener" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/B_DKJ3xgUWt/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" target="_blank">I’ve been experimenting with some of my sweater ideas to wear on a face, always interesting to see the outcome 👽 It has been fun to see masks inspired by mine, good use of quarantine time to knit💜But a reminder again, my masks are not made for safety, knitted masks are not safe to start with! Take care 🦠❌🦠❌🦠 #mask #knitting #fashionforbankrobbers</a></p> <p style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;">A post shared by <a style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px;" rel="noopener" href="https://www.instagram.com/yrurari/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" target="_blank"> Ýrúrarí</a> (@yrurari) on Apr 16, 2020 at 10:00am PDT</p> </div> </blockquote> <blockquote style="background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);" class="instagram-media" data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/p/B-4JbBOABY5/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" data-instgrm-version="12"> <div style="padding: 16px;"> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;"></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;"></div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;"></div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 19% 0;"></div> <div style="display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;"></div> <div style="padding-top: 8px;"> <div style="color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;">View this post on Instagram</div> </div> <p style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;" rel="noopener" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/B-4JbBOABY5/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" target="_blank">A post shared by Ýrúrarí (@yrurari)</a> on Apr 12, 2020 at 3:22am PDT</p> </div> </blockquote> <p>The 27-year-old designer said she has always been interested in tongues because “they are kind of rude, sticky, and strange”.</p> <p>She extended her work from sweaters to face masks due to the coronavirus pandemic.</p> <p>“I didn’t really make the masks to wear,” she told <em><a href="https://mashable.com/article/knitted-face-mask-tongue-lips/">Mashable</a></em>. “In my mind they are more like wearable sculptures, not made for safety [but] more as a fun approach to the rule of keeping distance.”</p> <p>“If you look scary enough people will stay away!”</p> <p>Jóhannsdóttir said the masks promoted the idea that “using masks can be fun”.</p> <p>“Everything we put on us can also be fun if we want it to, and bringing smiles to people’s faces in times like these is also important,” she told <em><a href="https://www.vogue.com/article/icelandic-knitwear-designer-tongue-masks-yrurari-johannsdottir">Vogue</a></em>.</p> <blockquote style="background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);" class="instagram-media" data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/p/B_PcEsSAByb/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" data-instgrm-version="12"> <div style="padding: 16px;"> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;"></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;"></div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;"></div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 19% 0;"></div> <div style="display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;"></div> <div style="padding-top: 8px;"> <div style="color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;">View this post on Instagram</div> </div> <p style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;" rel="noopener" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/B_PcEsSAByb/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" target="_blank">A post shared by Ýrúrarí (@yrurari)</a> on Apr 21, 2020 at 4:27am PDT</p> </div> </blockquote> <blockquote style="background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);" class="instagram-media" data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/p/B_aQTE0gOyo/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" data-instgrm-version="12"> <div style="padding: 16px;"> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;"></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;"></div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;"></div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 19% 0;"></div> <div style="display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;"></div> <div style="padding-top: 8px;"> <div style="color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;">View this post on Instagram</div> </div> <p style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;" rel="noopener" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/B_aQTE0gOyo/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" target="_blank">A post shared by Ýrúrarí (@yrurari)</a> on Apr 25, 2020 at 9:16am PDT</p> </div> </blockquote>

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